Abstract
Due to a gradual increase in mining depths in northern China, the water inrush problem there has become increasingly complex. In the present study, a physical model was developed of a syncline-axis structural fractured zone above confined water, using measured parameters from the Baizhuang coal mine. Using the similarity theory, water inrush from a fractured floor was simulated with different water heads and different structural zones. The mechanism of a delayed water inrush from the floor under the combined action of confined water and a fractured zone was also studied. The results demonstrated that: (1) Water inflow under different pressures; (2) Sand inrush discharges gradually increased under various pressurized water pressures and then decreased; and (3) Based on water and sand inrush discharges, the changes in the Reynolds number and porosity were analyzed, and a “void flow-fissured flow-pipeline flow” transition was proposed. This research provides a basis for developing methods to prevent floor water inrush during deep mining.
Zusammenfassung
Weil sich der Bergbau im nördlichen China zunehmend in größere Tiefen bewegt, wird dort das Problem von Wassereinbrüchen zunehmend komplexer. In dieser Studie entwickelten wir das physikalische Modell einer gestörten Zone in einer synklinalen Achse, welche von gespanntem Wasser unterlagert war. Dafür nutzten wir gemessene Parameter der Baizhuang Kohlenmine. Basierend auf der Ähnlichkeitstheorie, simulierten wir Wassereinbrüche aus gestörtem Liegenden bei unterschiedlichem Wasserdruck und Störungszonen. Auch ein verzögerter Wassereinbruch unter kombinierter Einwirkung von Wasserdruck und Störungszonen wurde untersucht. Die Resultate zeigten, daß (1) Wasserzufluß sich bei unterschiedlichem Druck ereignete, und daß (2) Sandeinbruchraten fortsc hreitend bei verschiedem Druck anstiegen und wieder abnahmen. (3) Mittels der Wasser-und Sandeinbruchraten wurden Reynoldszahl und Porosität analysiert und daraus auf einen Übergang von Hohlraumströmung zur Strömung in einer röhrenartigen Trümmerzone vorgeschlagen. Diese Erkenntnis ermöglicht die Entwicklung von Methoden, um Liegendwassereinbrüchen im tiefen Bergbau vorzubeugen.
Resumen
Debido al aumento gradual de las profundidades en las explotaciones mineras del norte de China, el problema de la irrupción de agua se ha vuelto cada vez más complejo. En el presente estudio, se desarrolló un modelo físico de una zona estructural fracturada de eje sinclínico ubicada arriba de agua confinada, utilizando parámetros medidos de la mina de carbón Baizhuang. Utilizando la teoría de la similitud, se simuló la entrada de agua desde un suelo fracturado bajo diferentes condiciones. También se estudió el mecanismo de una entrada de agua retardada desde el piso bajo la acción combinada de agua confinada y de una zona fracturada. Los resultados demostraron: (1) entrada de agua bajo diferentes presiones; (2) descargas de entrada de arena que aumentaron gradualmente bajo varias presiones de agua a presión y luego disminuyeron, y (3) sobre la base de las descargas de entrada de agua y arena, se analizaron los cambios en el número de Reynolds y la porosidad y se propuso una transición de “flujo en vacío-flujo en fisuras-flujo en cañerías”. Esta investigación proporciona una base para desarrollar métodos para prevenir la irrupción de agua desde el piso en explotaciones mineras profundas.
抽象
由于中国北方煤炭开采深度增加,突水问题更加复杂。建立了一个底板承压的向斜轴构造裂隙带物理模型,用以测量柏庄矿参数。基于相似原理,模拟了不同水头和构造区的底板裂隙突水。同时,研究了水压与裂隙带共同作用下底板滞后突水机理。结果表明:(1) 不同压力下发生涌水;(2) 在各种承压条件下,溃沙逐渐增大,然后减小;(3) 利用水和沙排泄量,分析了雷诺系数和孔隙度变化,提出了“空隙流-压力流-管道流”转换的认识。研究为深部煤炭开采的底板突水防治提供了理论基础。
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under Grant 2015CB251601, and the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41430643.
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Hu, Y., Li, W., Wang, Q. et al. Evolution of Floor Water Inrush from a Structural Fractured Zone with Confined Water. Mine Water Environ 38, 252–260 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-019-00599-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-019-00599-0