Abstract
Geoelectric (GE) field data are usually interpreted using GE computer-codes. A back propagation (BP) ANN model is used to predict hydro-sedimentology (HS) well logs. Both twenty-six sets of existing well logs from Golgohar iron mine and data from 26 Schlumberger GE apparent resistivity surveys were used as inputs for the ANN model. This data file was used to expend ANN models during the learning and testing phases of the modeling and the results were compared with the HS logs of the drilled wells. The learning phase file was included 20 records and the testing phase 6. The Professional II/Plus computer-code was used to make the various ANN models. In this stage, two techniques were employed: (1) incorporating hydro-sedimentology (HS) codes, (2) switching the GE field-observed scatter diagram to a digit string. None of the model results were able to satisfy the authors’ expectations, possibly due to inadequate input data, so the model was optimized in second stage using the third novel technique that could complete it: using both field data and interpreted GE computer-code (IPI2Win) results as appended input data. The best BP-ANN model had three hidden layers, and a DBD learning rule, sigmoid transfer function, and epoch learning of 15,000,000 with 0.000007 Root Mean Square (RMS) error and provided better conformity between predicted and observed HS logs. Employing 3 mentioned techniques was useful for locating a new drainage well at the Golgohar mine.
Zusammenfassung
Geoelektrische (GE) Felddaten werden regelmäßig durch den Einsatz von GE-Computerprogrammen interpretiert. Wir verwendeten ein auf Fehler-rückführung (back propagation, BP) beruhendes ANN-Modell, um die Hydro-Sedimentologie (HS) aus Bohrlochaufzeichnungen vorherzusagen. Sechsundzwanzig existierende Bohrlochprotokolle von der Golgohar-Eisenmine und Daten von 26 Schlumberger GE-Messungen des scheinbaren Widerstands im Untergrund wurden als Eingabe für das ANN-Modell verwendet. Die GE-Daten wurden in den Lern- und Testphasen der Modellierung in ANN-Modellen verwendet und die Ergebnisse wurden mit den HS-Aufzeichnungen der Bohrlöcher verglichen. Die Lernphase wurde mit 20 Datensätzen und die Testphasen mit sechs Datensätzen betrieben. Der Computercode Professional II/Plus wurde verwendet, um die ANN-Modelle und die Vergleichsroutine zu erstellen. Keines der getesteten Modelle war in der Lage, unsere Erwartungen zu erfüllen, möglicherweise aufgrund unzureichender Eingabedaten. Daher wurde das Modell mit drei neuen Techniken optimiert: 1) Einbeziehung von Hydro-Sedimentologie (HS)-Programmen, 2) Verwendung sowohl der Felddaten als auch der mittels GE-Computercode (IPI2Win) interpretierten Ergebnisse als angehängte Eingabedaten und 3) Umschalten des GE-Feldbeobachtungsdia¬gramms auf eine Ziffernfolge. Das beste BP-ANN-Modell hatte drei verborgene Ebenen und eine DBD-Lernregel, eine sigmoide Transfer¬funktion und einen Epochen-Lernprozess von 15.000.000 mit einem quadratischen Fehler von 0,000007 und lieferte eine bessere Überein¬stimmung zwischen den vorhergesagten und den beobachteten HS-Protokollen. Diese Techniken sollten nützlich sein, um neue Bohrungen in der Golgohar Mine und anderswo anzupeilen.
Resumen
Los datos de campo geoeléctricos (GE) se interpretan regularmente usando códigos de computadora GE. Usamos un modelo ANN de retropropagación (BP) para predecir los registros de pozo de la hidro-sedimentología (HS). Veintiséis conjuntos de registros de pozos existentes de la mina de hierro Golgohar y los datos de 26 estudios de resistividad aparente de Schlumberger GE se utilizaron como insumo para el modelo ANN. Los datos de GE se usaron en modelos ANN en las fases de aprendizaje y prueba del modelado y los resultados se compararon con los registros de HS de los pozos perforados. La fase de aprendizaje se llevó a cabo utilizando 20 registros y las fases de prueba con seis registros. El código de la computadora Professional II / Plus se usó para hacer los modelos ANN y para el proceso de comparación. Ninguno de los modelos probados fue capaz de satisfacer nuestras expectativas, posiblemente debido a datos de entrada inadecuados, por lo que el modelo fue optimizado utilizando tres nuevas técnicas: 1) incorporación de códigos de hidro-sedimentología (HS), 2) utilizando datos de campo y resultados de código de computadora interpretada por GE (IPI2Win) como datos de entrada y, 3) cambiando el diagrama de dispersión GE observado en campo a una cadena de dígitos. El mejor modelo BP-ANN tenía tres capas ocultas, una regla de aprendizaje DBD, función de transferencia sigmoidea y aprendizaje de época de 15.000.000 con una raíz cuadrada de la varianza de 0,000007 y proporcionaba una mejor conformidad entre los registros de predicción y observación del SA. Estas técnicas deberían ser útiles para ubicar nuevos pozos en la mina Golgohar y en otros lugares.
抽象
通常,人们用地电(GE)计算程序解释地电(GE)野外数据。本文应用反向传播人工神经网络模型(ANN)预测水文-沉积(HS)测井。以Golgohar铁矿26套已有测井数据和26 套Schluberger GE视电阻率勘探数据作为人工神经网络(ANN)模型输入。地电(GE)数据用以ANN模型的学习和检验,实测水文-沉积(HS)测井数据用以与ANN模型结果对比。学习阶段用20个记录,检验阶段用6个记录。用Professional II/Plus程序进行ANN建模和结果对比。由于输入数据量不足,模型都未达预期效果。因此,采用以下三种新方法优化:1)结合水文-沉积(HS)程序;2)同时用野外和地电(GE)IPI2Win解释结果作附加输入数据;3)将地电(GE)野外观测散点图转化为数串。优化后的最佳反向传播人工神经网络模型(BP-ANN)具有三个隐藏层、一个DBD学习规则、一个反曲转换公式和15,000,000个初相学习(均方根误差0.000007),预测值与观测水文-沉积(HS)值一致性更好。该技术可应用于Golgohar或其它矿的排水井定位。
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Acknowledgements
This study was funded cooperatively by Shiraz University and Golgohar Mining and Industrial Co. via GISRI (Golgohar Iron ore and Steel Research Institute). The authors thank Mr. Taghizade, Mr. Jalal-Maab, Mr. Khalili, Mr. Hasani, Dr. Sam, Mr. Fathi, Mr. Rezvani, and Mr. Mohammad-ali Nasiri for their assistance with the tests and preparation and review of this paper.
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Maknouni Gilani, S., Zare, M. & Raeisi, E. Locating a New Drainage Well by Optimization of a Back Propagation Model. Mine Water Environ 38, 342–352 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-019-00593-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-019-00593-6