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Prevention of Groundwater Disasters in Coal Seam Floors Based on TEM of Cambrian Limestone

Vermeidung von Grundwassereinbrüchen aus dem Liegenden von Kohleflözen auf Basis von TEM von kambrischem Kalkstein

基于瞬变电磁探测技术的煤层底板寒武系岩溶水害预防

Prevención de desastres con aguas subterráneas en pisos de vetas de carbón basados en TEM de caliza cámbrica

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Abstract

We analyzed the abundance and connectivity of Cambrian limestone aquifers (CL) using data from geological and hydrogeological boreholes, groundwater tracer tests, groundwater temperature monitoring, and surface transient electromagnetic exploration (TEM). Our results demonstrate that extremely well-developed small faults with an average density of number 73 per square km control the groundwater abundance and flow of the CL. The hydraulic conductivity of the CL aquifers estimated by tracer tests lies between 13,511 and 38,738 m/d, suggesting good connectivity. The surface TEM result of 4.91 km2 shows that areas with an apparent resistivity value less than 30 Ωm can be treated as an anomalous low-resistivity zone. This has been proven to be reliable by experience at the working face and can be used to determine water control measures for future mining. Using these data, we developed a series of preventive measures to mitigate potential floor water ingress related to future mining in the eastern area of the Pingdingshan coalfield No. 2 mine.

Zusammenfassung

Untersucht wurden Verbreitung und Konnektivität kambrischer Kalksteinaquifere (CL) anhand geologisch-hydrogeologischer Bohrlochdaten, Grundwassertracertests, Grundwassertemperaturdaten und Oberflächen-Transienten-Elektromagnetik (TEM). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sehr gut entwickelte kleine Störungen mit einer Dichte von durchschnittlich 73 Stück je km2 bestimmend sind für Grundwasserführung und -strömung. Die anhand von Tracertests abgeschätzte hydraulische Durchlässigkeit der CL-Aquifere liegt zwischen 13,511 und 38,738 m/d, was auf eine gute Konnektivität hinweist. Die Ergebnisse der auf einer Fläche von 4.91 km2 durchgeführten Oberflächen-TEM zeigen, dass Areale mit scheinbaren Widerstandswerten kleiner 30 Ω*m als niederohmige Widerstandsanomalien ausgehalten werden können. Dieses Ergebnis wird durch die praktischen Erfahrungen im Abbaubetrieb bestätigt und kann damit zur Ableitung von Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Wassereinbrüchen verwendet werden. Unter Nutzung dieser Daten wurde eine Serie von Vorsorgemaßnahmen zur Verhinderung potentieller Liegendwassereinbrüche im Zusammenhang mit künftigem Bergbau im Ostteil der Grube 2 des Pingdingshan Kohlefeldes entwickelt.

利用地质和水文地质钻探、地下水示踪、地下水温度监测和地面瞬变电磁勘探分析了寒武系灰岩含水层(CL)的富水性和导水性。结果表明, 平均密度73条/平方公里的密集小断裂控制着寒武系岩溶水的富水性和径流。示踪法估算寒武系含水层渗透系数范围13,511~38,938 m/d, 导水性非常好。面积4.91 km2地面瞬变电磁勘探表明, 视电阻率小于30 Ω*m的区域可视为低阻异常区。该结果已为工作面揭露所证实, 可用以规划未来煤矿防治水方案。基于此, 提出系列减缓平顶山煤田2矿东部潜在底板突水危险性的防治水措施。

Resumen

Hemos analizado la abundancia y conectividad de los acuíferos de caliza cámbrica (CL) usando datos de agujeros de perforación geológicos e hidrogeológicos, ensayos con trazas en aguas subterráneas, monitoreo de la temperatura del agua subterránea y exploración electromagnética transiente superficial (TEM). Nuestros resultados demostraron que las pequeñas fallas extremadamente bien desarrolladas con una densidad promedio de 73 por km cuadrado controlan la abundancia de agua subterránea y el flujo de la CL. La conductividad hidráulica de los acuíferos CL estimada por los ensayos con trazas está entre 13,511 y 38,738 m/d, sugiriendo una buena conductividad. El resultado de la TEM superficial de 4.91 km2 muestra que las áreas con valores aparentes de resistividad menores que 30 Ω*m pueden ser tratadas como zonas anómalas de baja resistividad. Esto ha demostrado ser confiable de acuerdo a la experiencia en la cara de trabajo y se puede utilizar para determinar las medidas de control de agua para los futuros trabajos mineros. Usando estos datos, desarrollamos una serie de medidas preventivas para mitigar el potencial ingreso de agua a través del piso que podría producirse en los futuros trabajos mineros en el área este de la mina No. 2 del campo de carbón Pingdingshan.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41272250 and 41672240), Henan Province’s Technological Innovation Team of Colleges and Universities (Grant 15IRTSTHN027), Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province (Grant CXTD2016053), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province (Grant NSFRF1611). The authors sincerely thank Mr. Jin Yan and Mr. Wenming Lin of the Pingdingshan Tian’an Coal Co. Ltd No. 2 mine for their valuable assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, China

    Qi Wang

  2. Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China

    Xinyi Wang, Xiaoman Liu & Xiaoge Zhen

  3. Institute of Energy and Chemical Industry of China Pingmei Shenma Group, Pingdingshan, 467000, China

    Xinyi Wang, Jianwei Guo, Guosheng Chen & Bo Zhang

  4. Collaborative Innovation Center of Coalbed Methane and Shale Gas for Central Plains Economic Region, Jiaozuo, 454000, Henan Province, China

    Xinyi Wang

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  1. Qi Wang
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  3. Xiaoman Liu
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Correspondence to Xinyi Wang.

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Wang, Q., Wang, X., Liu, X. et al. Prevention of Groundwater Disasters in Coal Seam Floors Based on TEM of Cambrian Limestone. Mine Water Environ 37, 300–311 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-017-0500-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-017-0500-2

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