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Larval development of bigmouth manefish Caristius macropus (Perciformes: Caristiidae) from the western North Pacific

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Abstract

Larvae of bigmouth manefish Caristius macropus are described and illustrated on the basis of seven specimens (4.2–10.5 mm in body length) from the Kuroshio waters (0–60 m depth) and the transition waters (surface) between the Kuroshio and Oyashio fronts of the western North Pacific. The present larvae of C. macropus are distinguished from those of Paracaristius maderensis that inhabit the North Pacific by having 39–40 myomeres, 34 dorsal-fin rays, and 22 anal-fin rays. The present study, along with previous studies of the early life stages of caristiids, shows that larvae of the family may be defined by the following characters: body elongate in preflexion stage but becoming deep bodied and hatchet shaped after notochord flexion; anus located near vertical through base of pectoral fin; head large, without spination or serration; a distinct vertical band on the posterior tail throughout the larval stages, and two bands gradually appearing on the tail and trunk during the flexion and postflexion stages; and melanophores present around the notochord tip by the flexion stage. Adult C. macropus are found in the subarctic and temperate waters of the North Pacific; however, the present study and other occurrences of early life stages of the species probably indicate that C. macropus may spawn over a wide area in the North Pacific.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to J. M. Leis (Australian Museum); M. P. Fahay, A. C. Matarese, and H. G. Moser (NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service); M. Moku (Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo); B. C. Mundy (NOAA, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center); G. Shinohara (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo); and J. Tyler (National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution), for providing literature and valuable information. We are also grateful to D. Stevenson (National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center) for his critical reading of the manuscript, A. Suntsov (NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center) for providing us with translations of Russian literature, H. Ida (PREC Institute Inc., Tokyo) and K. Takeda (Marine Industries Promotion Division, Chiba Prefecture) for their assistance and advice during the inception and completion of this study, and K. Hoshino (SNFR) for providing the opportunity to examine an adult specimen of C. macropus and the registration of the larval specimens in this study. Lastly, we thank the captains, officers and crews of the R/Vs Wakataka-maru and Wakatake-maru for their assistance with sampling.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, 3-27-5 Shinhama-cho, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-0001, Japan

    Makoto Okamoto & Yutaka Kurita

  2. National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan

    Hiroya Sugisaki

  3. School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 160-4 Okirai, Sanriku-cho, Ōfunato, Iwate, 022-0101, Japan

    Takashi Asahida

  4. Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan

    Makoto Okamoto

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  1. Makoto Okamoto
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  2. Yutaka Kurita
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  4. Takashi Asahida
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Correspondence to Makoto Okamoto.

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Okamoto, M., Kurita, Y., Sugisaki, H. et al. Larval development of bigmouth manefish Caristius macropus (Perciformes: Caristiidae) from the western North Pacific. Ichthyol Res 57, 398–405 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-010-0175-1

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