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Individualized self-care training systems for type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review on characteristics of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

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Abstract

Self-care is crucial for managing chronic diseases like Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Successful self-care is complex and influenced by many factors. Regarding the effectiveness of digital health (DH) systems on T2D self-care behaviors, this research aims to systematically review the characteristics of such systems employed in randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies. Searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Science Direct were conducted from January 2011 to February 2022. The RCTs incorporated in this study provide personalized, tailored self-care training tips for individuals diagnosed with T2D. The National Institute of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tool for controlled intervention studies was used for risk of bias assessment. A total of 26 studies were eligible. M-Health solutions were the most exciting technology for developing T2D self-care DH systems (22/26 studies). Blood glucose monitoring (88.46%), physical activities (76.92%), healthy diet (69.23%), and medication adherence (57.69%) were DH interventions' top self-care priorities. DH systems were mainly used for self-care data collecting (100%), recommendations (96.15%), and monitoring data analysis (84.62%). Educational (100%) and motivational (50%) themes were used for self-care interventions in most trials. We found that DH systems improve the most critical T2D self-care features (BG monitoring, physical exercise, healthy food, and medication adherence). However, more T2D pharmacoadherence trials are needed. This review is relevant for clinicians, self-care training system designers, and researchers interested in using DH solutions to empower T2D patients to manage their self-care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mozhgan Tanhapour, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh & Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori

  2. Health and Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Mozhgan Tanhapour

  3. Department of Health Information Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Mozhgan Tanhapour

  4. Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany

    Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori

  5. Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

    Hadi Shakibian

  6. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Peimani

  7. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Ensieh Nasli Esfahani

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  1. Mozhgan Tanhapour
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  2. Niloofar Mohammadzadeh
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Mozhgan Tanhapour, Maryam Peimani, Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori, Ensieh Nasli Esfahani, Hadi Shakibian, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh. Design: Mozhgan Tanhapour, Maryam Peimani, Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori, Ensieh Nasli Esfahani, Hadi Shakibian, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh. Literature search: Mozhgan Tanhapour, Maryam Peimani, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh. Analysis and interpretation of data: Mozhgan Tanhapour. Supervision: Maryam Peimani, Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori, Ensieh Nasli Esfahani, Hadi Shakibian, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh. Writing manuscript draft: Mozhgan Tanhapour. Writing—review and editing: Mozhgan Tanhapour, Maryam Peimani, Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori, Ensieh Nasli Esfahani, Hadi Shakibian, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh. Project administration: Niloofar Mohammadzadeh, Ensieh Nasli Esfahani

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Correspondence to Ensieh Nasli Esfahani.

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Appendix

Appendix

See Table 7.

Table 7 Features of Included Trials Studies
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Tanhapour, M., Mohammadzadeh, N., Rostam Niakan Kalhori, S. et al. Individualized self-care training systems for type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review on characteristics of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Univ Access Inf Soc (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-024-01138-7

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