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Évaluation endoscopique des patients atteints de maladie coeliaque

Endoscopic evaluation in patients with celiac disease

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Acta Endoscopica

Résumé

La maladie coeliaque est une affection auto-immune de l’intestin grêle en réponse à la gliadine, fraction du gluten, survenant chez des individus prédisposés génétiquement. Son diagnostic requiert classiquement la mise en évidence d’auto-anticorps anti-transglutaminase tissulaire dans le sérum des patients et l’existence de critères histologiques sur les biopsies de l’intestin grêle, tels que l’atrophie villositaire. L’enjeu de l’évaluation endoscopique est de cibler les prélèvements histologiques dans une maladie dont les lésions peuvent être discontinues dans l’intestin, et de diagnostiquer d’éventuelles complications évolutives, telles que la jéjunite ulcéreuse, la sprue réfractaire, ou le lymphome T intestinal. Nous avons passé en revue l’intérêt relatif et les performances diagnostiques des différents outils endoscopiques à la disposition du gastroentérologue dans la prise en charge du patient atteint de maladie coeliaque.

Abstract

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the small bowel triggered by the exposure to gliadine, a storage protein of wheat and similar grains, occurring in genetically predisposed patients. The diagnosis of celiac disease typically requires the presence of both anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the serum and specific histological features on small bowel mucosal biopsies, such as villous atrophy. The goals of the endoscopist in the management of patients with known or suspected celiac disease is to obtain contributive histological samples, knowing that mucosal lesions may be patchy among the small bowel, and to diagnose potential complications, such as ulcerative jejunitis, refractory sprue, or enteropathy-associated T lymphoma. We reviewed the respective contribution of the various endoscopic diagnostic tools in the management of patients with celiac disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service d’hépatogastroentérologie et endoscopie digestive hôpital européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique — Hôpitaux de Paris et Faculté Paris-Descartes, Paris, France

    M. Barret, G. Rahmi, G. Malamut, E. Samaha, L. Abbes & C. Cellier

Authors
  1. M. Barret
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  2. G. Rahmi
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  3. G. Malamut
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  4. E. Samaha
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  5. L. Abbes
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  6. C. Cellier
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Correspondence to M. Barret.

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Barret, M., Rahmi, G., Malamut, G. et al. Évaluation endoscopique des patients atteints de maladie coeliaque. Acta Endosc 44, 82–88 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10190-013-0363-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10190-013-0363-8

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