Abstract
We evaluated the utility of HEp-2 cells transfected with the 60 kDa SS-A/Ro as a substrate for indirect immunofluorescence (IIF-HEp-2000) to compare several methods for screening Japanese serum samples for anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies. Serum samples from 243 Japanese patients were analyzed by IIF for anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs), using HEp-2 cells (IIF-HEp-2), and for anti-SS-A/Ro 60 kDa antibodies, using IIF-HEp-2000 and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We performed double immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation experiments, using the products of in vitro transcription and translation, to analyze sera for which there were discrepancies in the results of the IIF-HEp-2000 assay and ELISA. A total of 93 of the 243 serum samples showed findings positive for anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies. Notably, eight of the 93 sera gave positive findings for anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies by IIF-HEp-2000 but ANA-negative by IIF-HEp-2 analysis. Seven sera possessing anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies gave false negative results by IIF-HEp-2000; however, those samples were all ANA positive. ELISA for anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies showed that five and two samples gave false positive and negative results, respectively. Analysis by IIF-HEp-2000 was useful for primary screening of patients for ANAs, especially for anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies; the test could detect anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies not identified on standard substrates in samples obtained from the Japanese population, as reported for the Caucasian population.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tan EM. Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA): immunobiology and medicine. Adv Immunol 1982;33:167–240.
Muro Y. Antinuclear antibodies. Autoimmunity 2005;38:3–9.
Wolin SL, Steitz JA. The Ro small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins: identification of the antigenic protein and its binding site on the Ro RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984;81:1996–2000.
Ben-chetrit E, Chan EKL, Sullivan KF, Tan EM. A 52-kD protein is a novel component of the SS-A/Ro antigenic particle. J Exp Med 1988;167:1560–71.
Gaither KK, Fox OF, Yamagata H, Mamula MJ, Reichlin M, Harley JB. Implications of anti-Ro/Sjögren’s syndrome A antigen autoantibody in normal sera for autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 1987;79:841–6.
Harmon CE, Deng JS, Peebles CL, Tan EM. The importance of tissue substrate in the SS-A/Ro antigen-antibody system. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:166–73.
Xia P, Fritz KA, Geoghegan WD, Jordon RE. The particulate (speckled-like thread) nuclear staining pattern: species and cellular distribution of the Ro/SS-A antigen. J Clin Lab Immunol 1987;22:101–5.
Clark G, Reichlin M, Tomasi TB. Characterization of a soluble cytoplasmic antigen reactive with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 1969;102:117–22.
Takano S, Matsushima H, Hiwatashi T, Miyachi K. Detection of anti-SS-A/Ro antibody by using pig spleen supernatant and characterization of corresponding antigen. Jpn J Rheumatol 1989;2:67–78.
Forman MS, Nakamura M, Mimori T, Gelpi C, Hardin JA. Detection of antibodies to small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins using unlabeled cell extracts. Arthritis Rheum 1985;28:1356–61.
Rader MD, O’Brien C, Liu Y, Harley JB, Reichlin M. Heterogeneity of the Ro/SSA antigen: different molecular forms in lymphocytes and red blood cells. J Clin Invest 1989;83:1293–8.
Buyon JP, Slade SG, Chan EKL, Tan EM, Winchester R. Effective separation of the 52 kDa SSA/Ro polypeptide from the 48 kDa SSB/La polypeptide by altering conditions of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Immunol Methods 1990;129:207–10.
Slobbe RL, Pruijn GJM, Damen WGM, van der Kemp JWCM, van Venrooij WJ. Detection and occurrence of the 60-and 52-kD Ro-(SSA) antigens and of autoantibodies against these proteins. Clin Exp Immunol 1991;86:99–105.
Manoussakis MN, Kistis KG, Liu X, Aidinis V, Guialis A, Moutsopoulos HM. Detection of anti-Ro(SS-A) antibodies in autoimmune diseases: comparison of five methods. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32:449–55.
Meilof JF, Bantjes I, de Jong J, van Dam AP, Smeenk RJT. The detection of anti-Ro(SS-A) and anti-La(SS-B) antibodies a comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis with immunoblot, ELISA, and RNAprecipitation assays. J Immunol Methods 1990;133:215–26.
Bossuyt X, Meurs L, Mewis A, Marien G, Blanckaert N. Screening for autoantibodies to SS-A/Ro by indirect immunofluorescence using HEp–2000TM cells. Ann Clin Biochem 2000;37:216–9.
von Mühlen CA, Tan EM. Autoantibodies in the diagnosis of systemic rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1995;24:323–58.
Hendrick JP, Wolin SL, Rinke J, Lerner MR, Steitz JA. Ro small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins are a subclass of La ribonucleoproteins: further characterization of the Ro and La small ribonucleoproteins from uninfected mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 1981;1:1138–48.
Keech CL, McCluskey J, Gordon TP. Transfection and overexpression of the human 60-kDa Ro/SS-A autoantigen in HEp–2 cells. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1994;73:146–51.
Fritzler MJ, Miller BJ. Detection of autoantibodies to SS-A/Ro by indirect immunofluorescence using a transfected and overexpressed human 60 kD Ro autoantigen in HEp-2 cells. J Clin Lab Anal 1995;9:218–24.
Keech CL, Howarth S, Coates T, Rischmueller M, McCluskey J, Gordon TP. Rapid and sensitive detection of anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence of 60 kDa Ro HEp-2 transfectants. Pathology 1996;28:54–7.
Pollock W, Toh BH. Routine immunofluorescence detection of Ro/SS-A autoantibody using HEp-2 cells transfected with human 60 kDa Ro/SS-A. J Clin Pathol 1999;52:684–7.
Morozzi G, Bellisai F, Simpatico A, Pucci G, Bacarelli MR, Campanella V, et al. Comparison of different methods for the detection of anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in connective tissue diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000;18:729–31.
Peene I, Van Ael W, Vandenbossche M, Vervaet T, Veys E, De Keyser F. Sensitivity of the HEp-2000 substrate for the detection of anti-SSA/Ro60 antibodies. Clin Rheumatol 2000;19:291–5.
Boey ML, Peebles CL, Tsay G, Feng PH, Tan EM. Clinical and autoantibody correlations in Orientals with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 1988;47:918–23.
Miyagawa S. Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a review of the racial differences and similarities in clinical, serological and immunogenetic features of Japanese versus Caucasian patients. J Dermatol 2005;32:514–22.
Watanabe A, Kodera M, Sugiura K, Usuda T, Tan EM, Takasaki Y, et al. Anti-DFS70 antibodies in 597 healthy hospital workers. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:892–900.
Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Moutsopoulos HM, Balestrieri G, Bencivelli W, Bernstein RM, et al. Preliminary criteria for the classification of Sjögren’s syndrome: results of a prospective concerted action supported by the European Community. Arthritis Rheum 1993;36:340–7.
Tan EM, Cohen AS, Fries JF, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Rothfield NF, et al. The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1271–7.
No authors listed. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1980;23:581–90.
Bohan A, Peter JB. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. N Engl J Med 1975;292:344–7.
Bossuyt X, Frans J, Hendrickx A, Godefridis G, Westhovens R, Mariën G. Detection of anti-SSA antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. Clin Chem 2004;50:2361–9.
Miranda-Carús ME, Boutjdir M, Tseng CE, DiDonato F, Chan EKL, Buyon JP. Induction of antibodies reactive with SSA/Ro-SSB/La and development of congenital heart block in a murine model. J Immunol 1998;161:5886–92.
Fouraux MA, Bouvet P, Verkaart S, van Venrooij WJ, Pruijn GJ. Nucleolin associates with a subset of the human Ro ribonucleoprotein complexes. J Mol Biol 2002;320:475–88.
Fritzler MJ, Hanson C, Miller J, Eystathioy T. Specificity of autoantibodies to SS-A/Ro on a transfected and overexpressed human 60 kDa Ro autoantigen substrate. J Clin Lab Anal 2002;16:103–8.
Acknowledgments
We thank Dr. Edward Chan (Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida) for kindly providing the full-length 60 kDa and 52 kDa SS-A/Ro cDNAs, and Drs. Toshikazu Usuda and Masanari Kodera at Chukyo Hospital for supplying sera from healthy volunteers.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Tanaka, N., Muro, Y., Sugiura, K. et al. Anti-SS-A/Ro antibody determination by indirect immunofluorescence and comparison of different methods of anti-nuclear antibody screening. Mod Rheumatol 18, 585–592 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10165-008-0100-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10165-008-0100-x