Abstract
A previous study showed that little brown skinks, Scincella lateralis, from a population in Louisiana, USA were poor at learning to escape to a specific retreat in a series of laboratory trials. The study was repeated on little brown skinks from a population in Oklahoma (650 km from the Louisiana population). The Oklahoma lizards were significantly better at learning to escape to a specific retreat than their Louisiana counterparts. This result demonstrates that geographic variation in the ability to learn an escape behavior exists in this species.
References
Brattstrom BH (1978) Learning studies in lizards. In: Greenberg N, MacLean PD (eds) Behavior and neurology of lizards: an interdisciplinary colloquium. United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication No. (ADM) 77-491. National Institutes of Mental Health, Rockville, pp 173–181
Brooks GR (1967) Population ecology of the ground skink, Lygosoma laterale (Say). Ecol Monogr 37:71–87
Burghardt GM, Schwartz JM (1999) Geographic variations on methodological themes in comparative ethology: a natricine snake perspective. In: Foster SA, Endler JA (eds) Geographic variation in behavior perspectives on evolutionary mechanisms. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 69–94
Conant R, Collins JT (1998) A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and central North America. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
Cooper WE, Hawlena D, Perez-Mellado V (2009) Islet tameness: escape behavior and refuge use in populations of the Balearic lizard (Podarcis lilfordi) exposed to differing predation pressure. Can J Zool 87:912–919
Day LB, Crews D, Wilczynski W (1999a) Relative medial and dorsal cortex volume in relation to foraging ecology in congeneric lizards. Brain Behav Evol 54:314–322
Day LB, Crews D, Wilczynski W (1999b) Spatial and reversal learning in congeneric lizards with different foraging strategies. Anim Behav 57:393–407
Downes SJ, Adams M (2001) Geographic variation in antisnake tactics: the evolution of scent-mediated behavior in a lizard. Evolution 55:605–615
Foster SA, Endler JE (1999) Geographic variation in behavior perspectives on evolutionary mechanisms. Oxford University Press, New York
Greene HW (1994) Antipredator mechanisms in reptiles. In: Gans C, Huey RB (eds) Biology of the reptilia. Ecology B: defense and life history, vol 16. Branta, Ann Arbor, pp 1–152
Husak JF, Rouse MN (2006) Population variation in escape behavior and limb morphology of collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) in Oklahoma. Herpetologica 62:156–163
Kelley JL, Magurran AE (2003) Learned predator recognition and antipredator responses in fishes. Fish Fisheries 4:216–226
Magurran AE (1999) The causes and consequences of geographic variation in antipredator behavior: perspectives from fish populations. In: Foster SA, Endler JA (eds) Geographic variation in behavior perspectives on evolutionary mechanisms. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 139–163
Paulissen MA (2008) Spatial learning in the little brown skink, Scincella lateralis: the importance of experience. Anim Behav 76:135–141
Pravosudov VV, Kitaysky AS, Omanska O (2006) The relationship between migratory behaviour, memory and the hippocampus: an intraspecific comparison. Proc R Soc B 273:2641–2649
Smith DG (1997) Ecological factors influencing the antipredator behaviors of the ground skink, Scincella lateralis. Behav Ecol 8:622–629
Stone A, Ford NB, Holtzman DA (2000) Spatial learning and shelter selection by juvenile spotted pythons, Anterisia maculosus. J Herpetol 34:575–587
Stuart-Fox D, Whiting MJ, Moussalli A (2006) Camouflage and colour change: antipredator responses to bird and snake predators across multiple populations in a dwarf chameleon. Biol J Linn Soc 88:437–446
SYSTAT (2007) MYSTAT version 12 for Windows. SYSTAT Software, Chicago
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, McNeese State University (MSU), for providing laboratory space for the Louisiana portion of the study. Funding for the Oklahoma portion of the study was provided by a Faculty Research Committee Grant from Northeastern State University (NSU); laboratory space was provided by the NSU Bioscience Research Facility. I wish to thank R. Murray, T. Hibbs, and T. Whychell for their assistance in catching or caring for lizards and T. Hibbs for providing constructive comments on a draft of this manuscript. The captive maintenance procedures and research protocols were approved by the MSU Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and by the NSU Animal Welfare Committee. Little brown skinks were collected under the authority of Scientific Collecting Permits granted by the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LNHP-05-004; LNHP-02-018) and by the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation (no. 4368).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Paulissen, M.A. Geographic variation in learning of escape behavior in the little brown skink (Scincella lateralis). J Ethol 29, 493–497 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-011-0278-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10164-011-0278-9