Abstract
In this empirical study, a questionnaire survey targeting Hanoi City was conducted, gathering 778 samples from the whole metropolitan area. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, this paper aims to identify the factors influencing waste separation behavior, with special consideration to the momentous shift in the demographic and lifestyle of such a fast-growing city. The living period (or the number of years that a resident stays in the current house) is found to be an element that differentiates the strongest behavior predictors of Hanoi citizens. To be specific, people who have settled down for 10 years or more are more influenced by Trust in Authority, while residents of less than 10 years are most motivated by Opportunity (responsiveness to incentives and convenience). The effect on waste separation behavior by Sense of Community and the other internal factor, namely Ability (the capacity to carry out source separation), were also confirmed. These findings indicate that, besides improving infrastructure, local administrative systems, and waste management systems, it is also important to consider policies focusing on long-term city planning, securing stable living situations to enhance the residents’ sense of community and the social link with community leaders to achieve a higher rate of source separation participation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
World Bank Group (2018) Solid and industrial hazardous waste management assessment. http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/352371563196189492/pdf/Solidand-industrial-hazardous-waste-management-assessment-options-and-actions-areas.pdf. Accessed 31 August 2021
Kawai K, Huong LTM, Yamada M et al (2016) Proximate composition of household waste and applicability of waste management technologies by source separation in hanoi vietnam. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 18:517–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-014-0348-5
Huong LT, Kawai K, Thai NT (2012) Physical composition analysis of household waste in hanoi, vietnam. http://www.gels.okayama-u.ac.jp/management/up_load_files/gakkan/2012_en/2012_en_3-14.pdf. Accessed 2 September 2021
Vietnam Prime Minister (2009) Decision on approving the national strategy of integrated solid waste management up to 2025, vision towards 2050. Government portal http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id=1&mode=detail&document_id=92301 (in Vietnamese). Accessed 1 May 2021
Hoang NH, Fogarassy C (2020) Sustainability evaluation of municipal solid waste management system for hanoi (vietnam)—why to choose the ‘waste-to-energy’ concept. Sustainability 12(3):1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031085
Yokoo H, Kawai K, Higuchi Y (2018) Informal recycling and social preferences: evidence from household survey data in vietnam. Resour Energy Econ 54:109–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2018.08.001
Liu C, Nguyen TT (2020) Evaluation of household food waste generation in hanoi and policy implications towards sdgs target 12.3. Sustain 12(16):6565. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166565
Taniguchi Y, Yoshida M (2011) Public involvement and mobilization for promoting 3R initiative in Hanoi city e lessons from 3R initiative project in Hanoi city 2006e2009. In Proceedings of the 8th expert meeting on Solid Waste Management in Asia and Pacific Islands (SWAPI) Tokyo, 21e23 February, 2011. http://www.geocities.jp/epcowmjp/papers/Taniguchi2011-8SWAPI.pdf. Accessed 27 August 2021
Afroz R, Hanaki K, Tudin R (2011) Factors affecting waste generation: a study in a waste management program in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Environ Monit Assess 179:509–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1753-4
Ajzen I (1991) The theory of planned behavior. Orgnizational Behav Hum Decis Process 50:179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Barr S (2007) Factors influencing environmental attitudes and behaviors: a U.K. case study of household waste management. Environ Behav 39(4):435–473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916505283421
Wenzel K, Süßbauer E (2021) Exploring domestic precycling behavior: a social identity perspective. Sustainability 13(3):1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031321
James P, Lopes AM, Martín-Valdéz S et al (2019) Closing the loop on waste. Institute for Culture and Society, Parramatta
Leducq D, Scarwell HJ (2018) The new hanoi: opportunities and challenges for future urban development. Cities 72:70–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.08.003
Vlek CAJ (1998) Household consumption, quality-of-life and environmental impacts: a psychological perspective and empirical study. Earthscan Publications, London
Struk M (2017) Distance and incentives matter: The separation of recyclable municipal waste. Resour Conserv Recycl 122:155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.023
Xu L, Ling M, Wu Y (2018) Economic incentive and social influence to overcome household waste separation dilemma: a field intervention study. J Waste Manag 77:522–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.048
Zhang Z, Wang X (2020) Nudging to promote household waste source separation: mechanisms and spillover effects. Resour Conserv Recycl 162:105054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105054
Nguyen TTP, Zhu D, Le NP (2015) Factors influencing waste separation intention of residential households in a developing country: evidence from Hanoi. Vietnam Habitat Int 48:169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2015.03.013
Wan C, Shen GQ, Yu A (2014) The role of perceived effectiveness of policy measures in predicting recycling behaviour in Hong Kong. Resour Conserv Recycl 83:141–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.12.009
Loan LTT, Nomura H, Takahashi Y, Yabe M (2017) Psychological driving forces behind households’ behaviors toward municipal organic waste separation at source in Vietnam: a structural equation modeling approach. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 19:1052–1060. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0587-3
Peck S (1987) The different drum: community making and peace. Simon and Schuster, New York
Hughey J, Speer P, Peterson NA (1999) Sense of community in community organizations: structure and evidence of validity. J Community Psychol 27(1):97–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/%28SICI%291520-6629%28199901%2927%3A1%3C97%3A%3AAID-JCOP7%3E3.0.CO%3B2-K
Halamová J, Kanovsky M, Naništová E (2018) Development and psychometric analysis of the sense of community descriptors scale. Psycosoc Interv 27(1):44–55. https://doi.org/10.5093/pi2018a8
Jin Y, Chen F, Chen H, Long R (2021) Influence of regulatory focus on proactive waste separation behavior by urban residents’ mediating effect of anchoring breakthrough. Sustain Cities Soc 70:102884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102884
Nguyen TKN (2021) Individuals’ waste separation practice in a relationship with social bonds: a case study of hanoi, vietnam. Int J Sociol Soc Policy. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-07-2021-0184
United Nations (2019) Department of economic and social affairs, population division. World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. https://population.un.org/wpp/. Accessed 12 September 2021
Astrachana CB, Patel VK, Wanzenried G (2014) A comparative study of CB-SEM and PLS-SEM for theory development in family firm research. J Fam 5:116–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2013.12.002
Amaro S, Seabra C, Abrantes JL (2015). Comparing CB SEM and PLS SEM Results An empirical example. 2nd international symposium on partial least squares path modeling Seville Spain doi: https://doi.org/10.3990/2.357
Rebecca L (2018) Higher education in Vietnam shows steady improvement. The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/higher-education-in-vietnam/. Accessed 12 September 2021
Nunally JC, Bernstein IH (1994) Psychometric theory. McGraw Hill, New York
Hair JF Jr, Risher JJ, Sarstedt M, Ringle CM (2019) When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. Eur Bus Rev 31(1):2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hair JF Jr, Sarstedt M, Hopkins L, Kuppelwieser VG (2014) Artial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): an emerging tool in business research. Eur Bus Rev 26(2):106–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-10-2013-0128
Fornell C, Larcker DF (1981) Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Mark Res 18(1):39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Lange F, Brückner C, Kröger B et al (2014) Wasting ways: perceived distance to the recycling facilities predicts pro-environmental behavior. Resour Conserv Recycl 92:246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.07.008
Owusu V, Adjei-Addo E, Sundberg C (2013) Do economic incentives affect attitudes to solid waste source separation? evidence from ghana. Resour Conserv Recycl 78:115–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.07.002
Leeabai N, Suzuki S, Jiang Q, Dilixiati D, Takahashi F (2019) The effects of setting conditions of trash bins on waste collection performance and waste separation behaviors; distance from walking path, separated setting, and arrangements. J Waste Manag 94:58–6759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.039
Nhung NTK (2014) Influence of stakeholders on people’s participation in waste management activities in Hanoi (in Vietnamese). University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Hanoi
Xi H, Li Z, Han J, Shen D, Li N, Long Y, Chen Z, Xu L, Zhang X, Niu D, Liu H (2022) Evaluating the capability of municipal solid waste separation in China based on AHP-EWM and BP neural network. J Waste Manag 139:208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.015
Tran VCM, Le HS, Matsui Y (2019) Current status and behavior modeling on household solid-waste separation: a case study in Da Nang city. Vietnam J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 21:1462–1476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00899-1
Vietnam Prime Minister (2014) Decision on approving the master plan on solid waste disposal of Hanoi Capital to 2030, with a vision to 2050. FAOLEX Database https://www.fao.org/faolex/results/details/en/c/LEX-FAOC167778/. Accessed 1 August 2022
Neal ZP, Neal JW (2014) The (In)compatibility of diversity and sense of community. Am J Commun Psychol 53:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-013-9608-0
Resource and Environment (2019) Taiwan - Vietnam: Sharing experiences in environmental education (in Vietnamese). Electronic newspaper of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. https://baotainguyenmoitruong.vn/dai-loan-viet-nam-chia-se-kinh-nghiem-giao-duc-moi-truong-292479.html. Accessed 10 September 2021
Maddox P, Dorana C, Williams ID, Kus M (2011) The role of intergenerational influence in waste education programmes: the THAW project. J Waste Manag 31:2590–2600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.07.023
Wang S, Wang J, Zhao S, Yang S (2019) Information publicity and resident’s waste separation behavior: an empirical study based on the norm activation model. J Waste Manag 87:33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.01.038
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20K12289), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Center for Sustainable Development Studies of Toyo University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Nguyen, M., Aramaki, T. Analysis of factors influencing waste separation behavior of Hanoi citizens with consideration to societal elements. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 24, 2499–2509 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01503-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01503-9