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Hypomagnesemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: surrogate markers for increased cardiovascular risk

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Abstract

Background

Recent reports suggest that 40–70 % chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving dialysis have significant coronary artery disease. Magnesium depletion is being considered as the missing link between the cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in CKD. The present work aimed to study the association between magnesium status and lipid alterations in pre-dialysis CKD patients attending the Nephrology Clinic in a tertiary care hospital in South India.

Methods

90 cases of CKD and 90 age and gender matched healthy controls were included in the study. Framingham risk scoring was done and presence of metabolic syndrome was assessed. Lipid profile, serum and urine magnesium, blood glucose, calcium, phosphorus, urea and creatinine levels were assayed in all study subjects.

Results

In this study we observed a significantly lower serum magnesium levels and dyslipidemic alterations, a significantly raised total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and non-HDL in patients with CKD. We also observed a significant correlation between the lowered serum magnesium concentrations and atherogenic dyslipidemia, suggesting a link to increased cardiovascular risk in CKD patients. CKD patients had higher risk of cardiovascular disease (according to their Framingham risk score), which also showed significant correlation with the hypomagnesaemia.

Conclusions

Our results suggest a strong association of hypomagnesemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with CKD. This gains particular importance in the high cardiovascular risk-borne CKD patients, as supplementing magnesium would go a long way in reducing the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in CKD.

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Abbreviations

BMI:

Body mass index

W/H ratio:

Waist: hip ratio

SBP:

Systolic blood pressure

DBP:

Diastolic blood pressure

FRS:

Framingham risk scoring

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

VLDL:

Very low-density lipoprotein

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

Ca × P:

Calcium × phosphorus product

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi for approving this project as a Short-term studentship (STS-2014) project with reference ID-2014-01146 to the first author.

Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India

    Ritwik Dey

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry, 605006, India

    Medha Rajappa & G. Revathy

  3. Department of Nephrology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India

    Sreejith Parameswaran

Authors
  1. Ritwik Dey
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  2. Medha Rajappa
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  4. G. Revathy
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Correspondence to Medha Rajappa.

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Dey, R., Rajappa, M., Parameswaran, S. et al. Hypomagnesemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: surrogate markers for increased cardiovascular risk. Clin Exp Nephrol 19, 1054–1061 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-015-1097-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-015-1097-z

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