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Body mass index and preclinical kidney disease in Indian adults aged 40 years and above without chronic kidney disease

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Abstract

Background

Obesity is associated with diabetes and hypertension, two major risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, it has been shown that obesity is associated with preclinical kidney disease defined by elevated levels of cystatin C among those without CKD in US adults. However, the association of obesity with cystatin C is not known in industrialized Asian populations.

Methods

We examined 2,052 Indian adults aged 40–80 years in Singapore who were free of CKD defined as a serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcr) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or the presence of microalbuminuria. Body mass index (BMI) values were categorized into normal (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9) and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Elevated serum cystatin C was defined as cystatin C ≥1 mg/L.

Results

Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with elevated levels of cystatin C after adjusting for potential confounders including diabetes and hypertension and eGFRcr. Compared to those with normal weight, the odds ratio (95 % confidence interval) of elevated cystatin C was 1.49 (1.17–1.88) for overweight and 3.20 (2.33–4.39) for obese. This association was consistently present when BMI was analyzed as a continuous variable and also in subgroups of men, women and in those without diabetes mellitus or hypertension.

Conclusions

Higher BMI levels are associated with preclinical kidney disease in Indian adults aged 40 years and above without CKD.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education, Academic Research Fund tier 1 No T1-2012 Feb-01; National Medical Research Council Grant STaR/0003/2008; Singapore Biomedical Research Grant (BMRC) 08/1/35/19/550; Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council under its Talent Development Scheme NMRC/TA/0008/2012 (CS). Laboratory and data handling was supported by Qi Chun Toh and Hwee Min Loh.

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, #06-13, SNEC Bldg, Singapore, 168751, Singapore

    Charumathi Sabanayagam & Tien Yin Wong

  2. Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

    Charumathi Sabanayagam & Tien Yin Wong

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Charumathi Sabanayagam, Tien Yin Wong & Jiemin Liao

  4. Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Sunil Sethi

  5. Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Boon Wee Teo

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  1. Charumathi Sabanayagam
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Correspondence to Charumathi Sabanayagam.

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Sabanayagam, C., Wong, T.Y., Liao, J. et al. Body mass index and preclinical kidney disease in Indian adults aged 40 years and above without chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 18, 919–924 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-014-0945-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-014-0945-6

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