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Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease accompanied by vasculitis that was not positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies to myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3: a report of two cases and the incidence of anti-GBM disease at one institution

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Abstract

Background

Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease is thought to be distinct from vasculitis. In contrast, there have been several papers suggesting the presence of angiitis in cases that were positive for anti-GBM antibody (Ab), as well as for either myeloperoxidase (MPO)- or proteinase 3 (PR3)-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) (Group I). We experienced four patients who had anti-GBM Abs, but not MPO- and PR3-ANCA (Group II), and two of these patients were found to have vasculitis. Therefore, we performed an in-depth study on these two patients.

Methods

The patients with anti-GBM disease were isolated from 578 cases whose renal tissues were examined, and they were categorized into two groups. We have already published the data about Group I. We then proceeded to study two vasculitic patients in Group II clinically, pathologically, and serologically. The anti-GBM Ab and ANCA levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Renal specimens were studied by routine staining as well as immunohistochemical investigations of CD31 and type IV collagen.

Results

The total number of patients with anti-GBM disease was 7 (7/578 = 1.2%), with 3 patients belonging to Group I and 4 patients belonging to Group II. Two patients in Group II were diagnosed to have vasculitis, but the remaining 2 patients did not. One vasculitic patient was complicated by pulmonary hemorrhage, while the other vasculitic patient displayed peripheral neuropathy as well as a small cavity lesion in the lung. The latter patient was found to be positive for perinuclear (p)-ANCA, but not for any other ANCA subsets. The renal pathology in the two vasculitic patients showed crescentic glomerulonephritis (CSGN) and immunoglobulin (Ig) G linear deposits along the glomerular capillary loops. The former patient showed fibrinoid angiitis in an afferent arteriole as well as peritubular capillaritis. The latter patient demonstrated peritubular capillaritis. These peritubular capillaritides were diagnosed by the loss of CD31 and type IV collagen staining, the blurred appearance of peritubular capillary walls by periodic acid-Schiff staining, and the pericapillary infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Conclusion

The incidence of anti-GBM disease was very low, and our patients were categorized into two groups (Groups I and II) based on whether or not they were positive for MPO- or PR3-ANCA. Two patients in Group II were found to have vasculitis. According to our results, we concluded that the anti-GBM disease of Group II could also be associated with vasculitis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by grants (2001–2007) from the Research Committee of Refractory Vasculitis Syndrome sponsored by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan. We thank Dr. Hiroaki Sugisaki, Director of Fuchuu Dialysis Clinic, for providing the clinical data on the patients. We also thank Mss. Katuko Sano and Ayumi Sumiishi for their excellent technical assistance on the immunohistochemical staining.

Conflicts of interest

None.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. First Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan

    Kimimasa Nakabayashi, Yoshihiro Arimura, Toshihito Fukuoka, Tomohumi Marumo, Yasushi Kamiya, Toshihiko Nagasawa & Akira Yamada

  2. Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan

    Yasunori Fujioka & Michiru Umino

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Kawakita General Hospital, 1-7-3 Asagayakita, Suginami, Tokyo, 166-8588, Japan

    Takahiro Okai

  4. Division of Immunoserology in SRL Inc., 51 Komiya, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8535, Japan

    Shigeru Tsurumaki

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  1. Kimimasa Nakabayashi
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  2. Yasunori Fujioka
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  3. Yoshihiro Arimura
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  11. Akira Yamada
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Correspondence to Kimimasa Nakabayashi.

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Nakabayashi, K., Fujioka, Y., Arimura, Y. et al. Anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease accompanied by vasculitis that was not positive for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies to myeloperoxidase and proteinase 3: a report of two cases and the incidence of anti-GBM disease at one institution. Clin Exp Nephrol 15, 504–513 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-011-0435-z

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