Abstract
Background
Young patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) present a diagnostic and clinical challenge. The aim of our study was to survey the approaches to preoperative evaluation and clinical management of young patients with CRC by colorectal surgeons in North America.
Methods
A standard electronic survey was sent to the members of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. The survey polled management decisions in various clinical scenarios for CRC patients less than 50 years old. Survey responses were collated and analyzed.
Results
One hundred ninety surgeons responded and 140 completed the entire survey (response rate 10 %). Eighty percent of surgeons would offer preoperative genetic testing if the patient’s family met the Amsterdam criteria compared to only 67 % if the criteria were not met. Of those offering preoperative tumor testing, 48 % test microsatellite instability, 19 % mismatch repair protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and 24 % offer both. Decisions regarding the extent of the resection for cancer were dependent on family history: Most members (86 %) would perform a segmental colectomy for CRC in a patient without family history. Eighty-four percent of respondents would offer a total abdominal colectomy if preoperative tests indicated Lynch syndrome. When questioned about MYH-associated polyposis, only 27 % recognized the appropriate diagnosis.
Conclusions
Among the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, family history influences preoperative testing and surgical management decisions. A significant portion of surgeons do not offer preoperative genetic testing, despite implications on operative management, postoperative surveillance, and screening of family members.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ (2009) Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 59:225–249
Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA et al (2010) Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, an treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer 116:544–573
You NY, Xing Y, Feig BW, Chang GJ, Cormier JN (2012) Young onset colorectal cancer: is it time to pay attention? Arch Intern Med 13:287–289
Aaltonen LA, Salovaara R, Kristo P et al (1998) Incidence of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and the feasibility of molecular screening for the disease. N Engl J Med 21:1481–1487
Southey MC, Jenkins MA, Mead L et al (2005) Use of molecular tumour characteristics to prioritise mismatch repair gene testing in early-onset colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:6524–6532
Lynch HT, Riley BD, Weismann S et al (2004) Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) and HNPCC-like families; problems in diagnosis, surveillance and management. Cancer 100:53–64
Warrier SK, Trainer AH, Lynch AC et al (2011) Preoperative diagnosis of Lynch syndrome with DNA mismatch repair immunohistochemistry on a diagnostic biopsy. Dis Colon Rectum 54:1480–1487
Online reference www.fionnotoole.com/ASCRS_survey
Lindor N, Rabe K, Petersen G et al (2005) Lower cancer incidence in Amsterdam-I criteria families without mismatch repair deficiency: familial colorectal cancer type X. JAMA 293:1979–1985
Polamaki GE, McCalin MR, Melilo S, Hampell H, Thibodeau SN (2009) EGAPP supplementary evidence review: DNA testing strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from Lynch syndrome. Genet Med 11:42–65
Shia J (2008) Immunohistochemistry versus microsatellite testing for screening colorectal cancer at risk for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome. Part 1. The utility of immunohistochemistry. J Mol Diagn 10:293–300
Kalady MF, McGannon E, Vogel JD et al (2010) Risk of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma after colectomy for colorectal cancer in patients meeting Amsterdam criteria. Ann Surg 252:507–513
Lindor NM (2009) Hereditary colorectal cancer: MYH-associated polyposis and other newly identified disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 23:75–87
Kalady MF, Lipman J, McGannon E, Church JM (2012) Risk of colonic neoplasia after proctectomy for rectal cancer in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Ann Surg 255:1121–1125
Win AK, Parry S, Parry B et al (2013) Risk of metachronous colon cancer following surgery for rectal cancer in mismatch repair gene mutation carriers. Ann Surg Oncol 20:1829–1836
Delaney CP, Fazio VW, Remzi FH et al (2003) Prospective, age related analysis of surgical results, functional outcome, and quality of life after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Ann Surg 238:221–228
Hendriks YM, Wagner A, Morreau H et al (2004) Cancer risk in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer due to MSH6 mutations: impact on counselling and surveillance. Gastroenterology 127:17–25
Ringland CL, Arkenau HT, O’Connell DL, Ward RL (2010) Second primary colorectal cancers (SPCRs): experiences from a large Australian cancer registry. Ann Oncol 21:92–97
Church J, Heald B, Burke C, Kalady M (2012) Understanding MYH- associated neoplasia. Dis Colon Rectum 55:359–362
Church J, Simmang C (2003) Practice parameters for the treatment of patients with dominantly inherited colorectal cancer (familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer). Dis Colon Rectum 46:1001–1012
Winawer S, Fletcher R, Rex D et al (2003) Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationale-Update based on new evidence. Gastroenterology 124:544–560
Bellizzi AM, Frankel WL (2009) Colorectal cancer due to deficiency in DNA mismatch repair function: a review. Adv Anat Pathol 16:405–417
Vasen HF, Watson P, Khan PM (1991) The international collaborative group on hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (ICG-HNPCC). Dis Colon Rectum 34:424–425
Parry S, Win AK, Parry B et al (2011) Metachronous colorectal cancer risk for mismatch repair gene mutation carriers: the advantage of more extensive colon surgery. Gut 60:950–957
Schmeler KM, Lynch HT, Chen LM et al (2006) Prophylactic surgery to reduce the risk of gynaecological cancers in the Lynch syndrome. N Engl J Med 354:261–269
Nielson M, Morreau H, Vasen HF, Hes HF (2010) MUTYH- associated polyposis (MAP). Crit rev Oncol/Haematol 2010
Warrier SK, Lynch AC, Heriot AG (2013) A binational perspective on the management of young patients with colorectal cancer. ANZ J Surg. doi:10.1111/ans.12071
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was presented as a poster at the American Society Colorectal Rectal Surgeons meeting at San Antonio, 2012.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Warrier, S.K., Kalady, M.F., Kiran, R.P. et al. Results from an American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons survey on the management of young-onset colorectal cancer. Tech Coloproctol 18, 265–272 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-013-1052-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-013-1052-5