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Oncologic outcomes and safety of percutaneous cryoablation for biopsy-proven renal cell carcinoma up to 4 cm in diameter: a prospective observational study

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Abstract

Background

Percutaneous cryoablation is widely used for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. We prospectively evaluated the oncologic outcomes and safety of percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of tumors ≤ 4 cm in diameter.

Methods

We included patients aged ≥ 20 years, who had histologically proven renal cell carcinoma, tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm, a performance status of ≤ 1, acceptable laboratory parameters, were inoperable or refused to undergo surgery, and had signed a written informed consent. The primary endpoint was the cause-specific survival rate. The secondary endpoints were overall and progression-free survival, and adverse event frequency and grade. All procedures were percutaneously performed under computed tomography fluoroscopy guidance.

Results

From October 2013 to October 2015, 33 patients (mean age: 68 ± 14 years; sex: six women, 27 men) were enrolled. The mean tumor diameter was 2.1 ± 0.6 (range 1.0–3.4) cm. The median follow-up period was 60.1 (range 18.4–76.6) months. One patient died of non-renal cell carcinoma-related disease 46 months after percutaneous cryoablation. The cause-specific and overall survival rates were 100% and 96.8% at 3 years, and 100% and 96.8% at 5 years, respectively. There was no local tumor progression or distant metastasis. The incidence of severe urological (urinary fistula and perinephric infection) and non-urological adverse events (increased creatine kinase and skin ulceration) was 6% each.

Conclusion

Percutaneous cryoablation for renal cell carcinoma ≤ 4 cm in diameter achieved good tumor control with a low complication frequency.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.

Funding

This study was not supported by any funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medical Informatics, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan

    Hideo Gobara

  2. Department of Radiology, Okayama University School of Medicine, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan

    Takao Hiraki, Toshihiro Iguchi, Yusuke Matsui, Mayu Uka, Koji Tomita, Toshiyuki Komaki & Susumu Kanazawa

  3. Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan

    Jun Sakurai

  4. Department of Urology, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan

    Yasuyuki Kobayasi, Motoo Araki & Toyohiko Watanabe

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  1. Hideo Gobara
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  2. Takao Hiraki
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  3. Toshihiro Iguchi
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  4. Yusuke Matsui
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  11. Toyohiko Watanabe
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Correspondence to Hideo Gobara.

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Gobara, H., Hiraki, T., Iguchi, T. et al. Oncologic outcomes and safety of percutaneous cryoablation for biopsy-proven renal cell carcinoma up to 4 cm in diameter: a prospective observational study. Int J Clin Oncol 26, 562–568 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01825-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01825-4

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