Abstract
Background
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignant disease of the endocrine system; however, in the Slovak Republic (SR), time trends of incidence and mortality according to histological type and age of patients have never been reported.
Materials and methods
Long-term (1968–2007) trends from the National Cancer Registry data of overall, histology and age-specific incidence and mortality in the SR have been calculated using join-point regression and other descriptive characteristics.
Results
Age-standardized overall incidence rates increased significantly in females by an estimated annual percentage change (APC) of 3.6 %, and in males by 2.2 %. Overall mortality decreased by APC −2.1 % in females and −0.9 % in males. The mean ages of female and male TC patients at the time of diagnosis significantly decreased; ages at the time of death significantly increased. The incidence of papillary carcinoma rose significantly in females by 8.9 %, compared with 6.1 % in males; follicular carcinoma in males and females was stable. Medullary carcinoma was stable in females; in males, it rose by 5.2 %. Poorly differentiated TC was stable in females; undifferentiated/anaplastic carcinomas decreased in both sexes.
Conclusions
The incidence of TC, especially of selected histological types, is dramatically rising in the SR in both genders, while mortality is decreasing. Patients diagnosed in recent years are younger and died at a greater age than those reported in older national data. These trends seem to be affected by more intensive diagnosis in the most recent years.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Steliarova-Foucher E, O’Callaghan M, Ferlay J et al (2012) European cancer observatory: cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence and survival in Europe. Version 1.0. European Network of Cancer Registries. IARC, Lyon
Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Ward MH, Sabra MM et al (2011) Thyroid cancer incidence patterns in the United States by histologic type, 1992–2006. Thyroid 21:125–134
How J, Tabah R (2007) Explaining the increasing incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer. CMAJ 177:1383–1384
Ondrusova M, Plesko I, Safaei-Diba Ch et al (2007) Comprehensive analysis of incidence and mortality of malignant tumours in the Slovak Republic (online). National Cancer Registry of the Slovak Republic, NHIC Bratislava. http://www.nor-sk.org/. Accessed Apr 2009
Schneider DF, Chen H (2013) New developments in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. doi:10.3322/caac.21195
Safaei-Diba Ch, Plesko I (eds) (2008) Cancer incidence in the Slovak Republic 2004. NCR SR, NHIC Bratislava
Safaei-Diba Ch, Plesko I, Obsitnikova A (eds) (2009) Cancer incidence in the Slovak Republic 2005. NCR SR, NHIC Bratislava
Safaei-Diba Ch, Plesko I, Hlava P (eds) (2010) Cancer incidence in the Slovak Republic 2006. NCR SR, NHIC Bratislava
Safaei-Diba Ch, Plesko I, Hlava P (eds) (2012) Cancer incidence in the Slovak Republic 2007. NCR SR, NHIC Bratislava
Vanuga P, Pura M, Plesko I et al (2007) Incidence of thyroid cancer in Slovakia: extensive evidence from one centre in the context of national data. Cas Lek Ces 146:148–152
Bray F, Guilloux A, Sankila R et al (2002) Practical implications of imposing a new world standard population. Cancer Causes Control 13:175–182
Kim HJ, Fay MP, Feuer EJ et al (2000) Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat Med 16:335–351
Steliarova-Foucher E, Stiller CA, Pukkala E et al (2006) Thyroid cancer incidence and survival among European children and adolescents (1978–1997): report from the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System project. Eur J Cancer 42:2150–2169
DeLellis RA, Lloyd RV, Heitz PU et al (2004) Pathology and genetics of tumours of endocrine organs. WHO Classification of tumours. IARC Press, Lyon
Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F et al (2010) GLOBOCAN 2008, cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 10. IARC, Lyon
Pellegriti G, Frasca F, Regalbuto C et al (2013) Worldwide increasing incidence of thyroid cancer: update on epidemiology and risk factors. J Cancer Epidemiol 2013:965212
Lukas J, Drabek J, Lukas D et al (2013) The epidemiology of thyroid cancer in the Czech Republic in comparison with other countries. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Republic 157:266–275
Colonna M, Guizard AV, Schvartz C et al (2007) A time trend analysis of papillary and follicular cancers as a function of tumour size: a study of data from six cancer registries in France (1983–2000). Eur J Cancer 43:891–900
Wartofsky L (2010) Increasing world incidence of thyroid cancer: increased detection or higher radiation exposure? Hormones 9:103–108
Mahoney MC, Lawvere S, Falkner KL et al (2004) Thyroid cancer incidence trends in Belarus: examining the impact of Chernobyl. Int J Epidemiol 33:1025–1033
Reynolds RM, Weir J, Stockton DL et al (2005) Changing trends in incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in Scotland. Clin Endocrinol 62:156–162
Colonna M, Bossard N, Guizard A et al (2010) Descriptive epidemiology of thyroid cancer in France: incidence, mortality and survival. Ann Endocrinol 71:95–101
Enewold L, Zhu K, Ron E et al (2009) Rising thyroid cancer incidence in the United States by demographic and tumor characteristics, 1980–2005. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:784–791
Kilfoy BA, Zheng T, Holford TR et al (2009) International patterns and trends in thyroid cancer incidence, 1973−2002. Cancer Causes Control 20:525–531
Podoba J (2005) The most frequent thyropathies in general practitioner’s office. Via Pract 2:230–235
Podoba J (1995) Ultrasound examination of thyroid and parathyroid glands. In: Kovac A (ed) Abdominal ultrasound. Osveta, Bratislava, pp 345–358
Hussson O, Haak HR, van Steenbergen LN et al (2013) Rising incidence, no change in survival and decreasing mortality from thyroid cancer in The Netherlands since 1989. Endrocr Relat Cancer 20:263–271
Langer P (1980) Eastern and southeastern Europe. In: Stanbury JB, Heitzel BS (eds) Endemic goiter and endemic cretinism iodine nutrition in health and disease. Wiley Medical, New York, pp 141–153
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Ondrusova, M., Kajo, K. & Ondrus, D. Changing patterns in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in the Slovak Republic by histological type and age. Int J Clin Oncol 19, 805–813 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-013-0633-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-013-0633-7