Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The antioxidant effect of β-Glucan on oxidative stress status in experimental spinal cord injury in rats

Neurosurgical Review volume 28, pages 298–302 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant effect of β-Glucan in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Injury was produced using weight-drop technique in rats. β-Glucan was given by intraperitoneal injection following trauma. The rats were sacrificed at the sixth day of injury. Oxidative stress status was assessed by measuring the spinal cord tissue content of Malonyldialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Gluthatione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. No effect of β-Glucan on SOD and MDA activities was found but, GSH-Px levels were found to decrease to the baseline (preinjury) levels when it was compared to untreated group (U=0.000; p=0.002). According to our results, β-Glucan works like a scavenger and has an antioxidant effect on lipid peroxidation in spinal cord injury.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  1. Anderson DK, Means ED, Waters TR, Spears CJ (1980) Spinal cord energy metabolism following compression trauma to the feline spinal cord. J Neurosurg 53:375–380

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson DK, Demediuk P (1985) Spinal cord injury and protection. Ann Emerg Med 14:816–821

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson DK, Hall ED (1993) Pathophysiology of spinal cord trauma. Ann Emerg Med 22:987–992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson DK, Dugan LL, Means ED, Horrocks LA (1994) Methylprednisolone and membrane properties of primary cultures of mouse spinal cord. Brain Res 637:119–125

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Anthes D, Theriault E, Tator CH (1996) Ultrastructural evidence for arteriolar vasospasm after spinal cord trauma. Neurosurgery 39:804–814

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Arendt J (1988) Melatonin. Clin Endocrinol 29:205–229

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Aydin A, Orhan H, Sayal A, Ozata M, Sahin G, Isimer A (2001) Oxidative stress and nitric oxide related parameters in type II diabetes mellitus. Effects of gylisemic control. Clin Biochem 34:65–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Babincova M, Machova E, Kogan G (1999) Carboxymethylated glucan inhibits lipid peroxidation in liposomes. Z Naturforsch 54c:1084–1088

    Google Scholar 

  9. Babineau TJ, Hackford A, Kenler A, Bistrian B, Forse RA, Fairchild PG, Heard S, Keroack M, Caushaj P, Benotti P (1994) A phase II multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of three dosages of an immunomodulator (pgg-glucan) in high-risk surgical patients. Arch Surg 129:1204–1210

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Babineau TJ, Marcello P, Swails W, Kenler A, Bistrian B, Forse RA (1994) Randomized phase I/II trial of a macrophage-specific immunumodulator (PGG-glucan) in high-risk surgical patients. Ann Surg 220:601–609

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Barut S, Canbolat A, Bilge T, Aydin Y, Cokneseli B, Kaya U (1993) Lipid peroxidation in experimental spinal cord injury: time–level relationship. Neurosurg Rev 16:53–59

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Baysefer A, Erdogan E, Kahraman S, Izci Y, Korkmaz C, Solmaz I, Ulas UH, Ozogul C, Timurkaynak E (2003) Effect of mannitol in experimental spinal cord injury: an ultrastructural and electrophysiological study. Neurol India 51:350–354

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Benzel EC, Tator CH (1995) Contemporary management of spinal cord injury. American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Park Ridge, IL, pp 27–41

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bignami A (1991) Glial cells in the central nervous system. Discuss Neurosci 111:9–44

    Google Scholar 

  15. Black P, Markowitz RS, Keller S (1986) Naloxane and experimental cord injury, part 2: megadose treatment in a dynamic load injury model. Neurosurgery 19:909–913

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Hellenbrand KG, Collins WF, Leo LS, Freeman DF, Wagner FC, Flamm ES, Eisenberg HM, Goodman JH (1985) Methylprednisolone and neurological function 1 year after spinal cord injury. Results of national acute spinal cord injury study. J Neurosurg 63:704–713

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, Holford TR, Young W, Baskin DS, Eisenberg HM, Flamm E, Leo-Summers L, Maroon J (1990) A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the second national acute spinal cord injury study. N Engl J Med 322:1405–1411

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF Jr, Holford TR, Baskin DS, Eisenberg HM, Flamm E, Leo-Summers L, Maroon JC, Marshall LF (1992) Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second national acute spinal cord injury study. J Neurosurg 76:23–31

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Braughler JM, Hall ED (1982) Correlation of methylprednisolone levels in cat spinal cord with its effects on (Na++K+)-ATPase, lipid peroxidation, and alpha motor neuron function. J Neurosurg 56:838–844

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Braughler JM, Hall ED (1983) Uptake and elimination of methylprednisolone from contused cat spinal cord following intravenous injection of the sodium succinate ester. J Neurosurg 58:538–542

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Braughler JM, Hall ED (1983) Lactate and pyruvate metabolism in the injured cat spinal cord before and after single large intravenous dose of methylprednisolone. J Neurosurg 59:256–261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Braughler JM, Hall ED (1985) Current application of “high dose” steroid therapy for CNS injury. A pharmacological perspective. J Neurosurg 62:806–810

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Browder W, Williams D, Sherwood E, McNamee R, Jones E, DiLuzio N (1987) Synergistic effect of nonspecific immunostimulation and antibiotics in experimental peritonitis. Surgery 102:206–214

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Browder W, Williams D, Pretus H, Olivero G, Enrichens F, Mao P, Franchello A (1990) Beneficial effect of enhanced macrophage function in the trauma patient. Ann Surg 211:605–613

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Czop JK, Valiante NM, Janusz MJ (1989) Phagocytosis of particulate activators of the human alternative complement pathway through monocyte beta-glucan receptors. Prog Clin Biol Res 297:287–296

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Demediuk P, Saunders RD, Clendenon NR, Means ED, Anderson DK, Horrocks LA (1985) Changes in lipid metabolism in traumatized spinal cord. Prog Brain Res 63:1–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ducker TB, Kindt GW, Kempe LG (1971) Pathological findings in acute experimental spinal cord trauma. J Neurosurg 35:700–708

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Faden AI (1987) Pharmacology in spinal cord injury: a critical review of recent developments. Clin Neuropharmacol 10:193–204

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Fercakova A, Halat G, Marsala M, Lukacova N, Marsala J (1992) Graded postischemic reoxigenation reduces lipid peroxidation and reperfusion injury in the rabbit spinal cord. Brain Res 593:159–167

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Ferrari R, Ceconi C, Curello S, Cargoni A (1991) Oxygen free radicals and myocardial damage: protective role of thiol-containing agents. Am J Med 91(Suppl 3C):955–1055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Fitch MT, Silver J (1997) Activated macrophages and the blood–brain barrier: inflammation after CNS injury leads to increases in putative inhibitory molecules. Exp Neurol 148:587–603

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Fujimoto T, Nakamura T, Ikeda T, Taoka Y, Takagi K (2000) Effects of EPC-K1 on lipid peroxidation in experimental spinal cord injury. Spine 25:24–29

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Giulian D, Chen J, Ingeman JE, George JK, Noponen M (1989) The role of mononuclear phagocytes in wound healing after traumatic injury to adult mammalian brain. J Neurosci 9:4416–4429

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hall ED, Braughler M (1982) Effects of intravenous methylprednisolone on spinal cord lipid peroxidation and (Na++K+)ATPase activity. Dose-response analysis during 1st hour after contusion injury in the cat. J Neurosurg 57:247–253

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hall ED (1988) Effects of the 21-aminosteroid U74006F on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia in cats. J Neurosurg 68:462–465

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Hall ED (1992) The neuroprotective pharmacology of methylpredisolone. J Neurosurg 76:13–22

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hall ED (1993) Lipid antioxidants in acute central nervous system injury. Ann Emerg Med 22:1022–1027

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM (1986) Oxygen free radicals and iron in relation to biology and medicine: some problems and concepts. Arch Biochem Biophys 246:501–514

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hong F, Yan J, Baran JT, Allendorf DJ, Hansen RD, Ostroff GR, Xing PX, Cheung NK, Ross GD (2004) Mechanism by which orally administered beta-1,3-glucans enhance the tumoricidal activity of antitumor monoclonal antibodies in murine tumor models. J Immunol 173:797–806

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ildan F, Polat S, Öner A, Isbir T, Gocer AI, Tap O, Kaya M, Karadayi A (1995) Effects of naloxane on sodium- and potassium-activated and magnesium-dependent adenosine 5′-triphosphatase activity and lipid peroxidation and early ultrastructural findings after experimental spinal cord injury. Neurosurgery 36:797–805

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kaptanoglu E, Caner HH, Surucu HS, Akbiyik F (1999) Effects of mexiletine on lipid peroxidation and early ultrastructural findings in experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg (Spine) 91:200–204

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Kaptanoglu E, Tuncel M, Palaoglu S, Konan A, Demirpence E, Kilinc K (2000) Comparison of the effects of melatonin and methylprednisolone in experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg (Spine) 93:77–84

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Konat GW, Wiggins RC (1985) Effect of reactive oxygen species on myelin membrane proteins. J Neurochem 45:1113–1118

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Li GL, Brodin G, Farooque M, Funa K, Holtz A, Wang WL, Olsson Y (1996) Apoptosis and expression of bcl-2 after compression trauma to rat spinal cord. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 55:280–289

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lipton S, Rosenberg P (1994) Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N Engl J Med 330:613–622

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Norenberg MD (1994) Astrocyte responses to CNS injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 53:213–220

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Onderdonk AB, Cisneros RL, Hinkson P, Ostroff G (1992) Anti-infective effect of poly-β1-6-glucotrosyl-β1-3-glucopyranose glucan in vivo. Infect Immun 60:1642–1647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Patchen ML, D’Alesandro MM, Brook I, Blakely WF, MacVittie TJ (1987) Glucan: mechanisms involved in its “radioprotective” effect. J Leuk Biol 42:95–105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Rawe SE, Lee WA, Perot PL (1981) Spinal cord glucose utilization after experimental spinal cord injury Neurosurgery 9:40–47

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Reiter RJ, Poeggeler B, Tan DX (1993) Antioxidant capacity of melatonin: a novel action not requiring receptor. Neuroendocrinol Lett 15:103–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Saruhashi Y, Matsusue Y, Hukuda S (2002) Effects of seratonin 1A agonist on acute spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 40:519–523

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Saunders RD, Dugan LL, Demediuk P, Means ED, Horrocks LA, Anderson DK (1987) Effects of methylprednisolone and the combination of alpha-tocopherol and selenium on arachidonic acid metabolism and lipid peroxidation in traumatized spinal cord tissue. J Neurochem 49:24–31

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Savitz SI, Rosenbaum DM (1988) Apoptosis in neurological disease. Neurosurgery 42:555–574

    Google Scholar 

  54. Süzer T, Coskun E, Islekel H, Tahta K (1999) Neuroprotective effect of magnesium on lipid peroxidation and axonal function after experimental spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 37:480–484

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Tasdemir O, Katircioglu F, Küçükaksu S, Gol K, Hayran M, Keceligil T, Ibrisim E, Bayazit K (1993) Warm blood cardioplegia: ultrastructural and hemodynamic study. Ann Thorac Surg 56:305–311

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Tator CH, Fehlings MG (1991) Review of the secondary injury theory of acute spinal cord trauma with emphasis on vascular mechanisms. J Neurosurg 75:15–26

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Tator CH (1995) Update on the pathophysiology and pathology of acute spinal cord injury. Brain Pathol 5:407–413

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Tator CH (1996) Pathophysiology and pathology of spinal cord injury. In: Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS (eds) Neurosurgery, 2nd edn. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 2859–2874

    Google Scholar 

  59. Topsakal C, Erol FS, Ozveren MF, Yilmaz N, Ilhan N (2002) Effects of methylprednisolone and dextromethorphan on lipid peroxidation in an experimental model of spinal cord injury. Neurosurg Rev 25:258–266

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Tsiapali E, Whaley S, Kalbfleisch J, Ensley HE, Browder IW, Williams DL (2001) Glucans exhibit weak antioxidant activity, but stimulate macrophage free radical activity. Free Radic Biol Med 30:393–402

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Tzianabos AO, Kasper DL, Cisneros RL, Smith RS, Onderdonk AB (1995) Polysaccaride-mediated protection against abscess formation in experimental intra-abdominal sepsis. J Clin Invest 96:2727–2731

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Ulakoglu EZ, Saygi A, Gumustas MK, Zor E, Oztek I, Kokoglu E (1998) Alterations in superoxide dismutase activities, lipid peroxidation and gluthathione levels in thinner-inhaled rat lungs relationship between histopathological properties. Pharmacol Res 38:209–214

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Williams DL, Browder IW, DiLuzio NR (1983) Immunotherapeutic modification of Escherichia coli-induced experimental peritonitis and bacteremia by glucan. Surgery 93:448–454

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Williams DL, Sherwood ER, Browder IW, McNamee RB, Jones EL, Rakinic J, Di Luzio NR (1988) Effect of glucan on neutrophyl dynamics and immune function in Escherichia coli peritonitis. J Surg Res 44:54–61

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Williams DL, Sherwood ER, Browder WI, McNamee RB, Jones EL, Di Luzio NR (1988) Pre-clinical safety evaluation of soluble glucan. Int J Immunopharmacol 10:405–414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Williams DL, Mueller A, Browder W (1996) Glucan-based macrophage stimulators: a review of their anti-infective potential. Clin Immunother. 5:392–399

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey

    Hakan Kayali, Serdar Kahraman, Engin Gonul & Erdener Timurkaynak

  2. Department of Neurology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey

    M. Fatih Ozdag & Zeki Odabasi

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey

    Ahmet Aydin & Ahmet Sayal

Authors
  1. Hakan Kayali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Fatih Ozdag
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Serdar Kahraman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ahmet Aydin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Engin Gonul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ahmet Sayal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zeki Odabasi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Erdener Timurkaynak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hakan Kayali.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kayali, H., Ozdag, M.F., Kahraman, S. et al. The antioxidant effect of β-Glucan on oxidative stress status in experimental spinal cord injury in rats. Neurosurg Rev 28, 298–302 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-005-0389-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-005-0389-2

Keywords

search

Navigation