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Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase in neonatal goats: molecular cloning, expression, localization, and methylation signature

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Abstract

Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3) is an important enzyme in the metabolism of thyroid hormones. It plays critical roles in fetal development and neonatal growth and is especially important for brain development in mammals. In the present study, we profiled the expression pattern and methylation signature of the DIO3 gene in goats. The complete coding sequence of caprine DIO3 encoded a protein of 301 amino acids and harbored an internal selenocysteine-encoding TGA codon. The DIO3 messenger RNA (mRNA) was predominantly expressed in the neonatal goat liver (P < 0.01), while expression in other tissues was quite low, with the lowest levels in the lung. In in situ hybridization, the DIO3 mRNA was predominantly localized in the liver and the lowest content was detected in the lung. The DIO3 transcript was widely localized in neurons and the neuropil. Methylation profiling of the DIO3 CpG island showed a significant difference between the 5′ region (CpGs_1∼24) and the 3′ region (CpG_25∼51) of the coding region. Furthermore, no significant difference in methylation status was observed among the six tested tissues with levels in the range of 29.11–33.12 %. The CpG islands in the intergenic-differentially methylated region (IG-DMR) showed significantly different methylated levels among tissues, and the highest methylated level was observed in lung (CpG island 1, 69.34 %) and longissimus dorsi (LD) (CpG island 2, 52.62 %) tissues. Our study lays a foundation for understanding DIO3 function and the diseases caused by altered methylation profiles of the DIO3 gene.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Technology Support Program of Sichuan province (2014NZ0001 and 2015NZ0112); the key fund of the Education Department of Sichuan Province, China (13ZA0264); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501936); and the Chinese Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources Infrastructure.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China

      Tao Zhong, Peng-Fei Jin, Wei Zhao, Lin-Jie Wang, Li Li & Hong-Ping Zhang

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    1. Tao Zhong
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    2. Peng-Fei Jin
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    3. Wei Zhao
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    Correspondence to Hong-Ping Zhang.

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    All researches involving animals were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China.

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    The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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    Tao Zhong and Peng-Fei Jin contributed equally to this work.

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    Fig. S1

    Phylogenetic trees constructed using the Minimum Evolution (A), Maximum Parsimony (B) and UPGMA (C) methods. (GIF 336 kb)

    High resolution image (TIF 780 kb)

    Table S1

    The methylation level of DIO3 CpG island 3 in the six neonatal tissues (DOC 62 kb)

    Table S2

    The methylation level of IG-DMR CpG islands 1 and 2 in the six neonatal tissues (DOC 83 kb)

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    Zhong, T., Jin, PF., Zhao, W. et al. Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase in neonatal goats: molecular cloning, expression, localization, and methylation signature. Funct Integr Genomics 16, 419–428 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-016-0493-0

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-016-0493-0

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