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Cold Stress Induces Apoptosis in Silver Pomfret via DUSP-JNK Pathway

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Abstract

We cultured silver pomfret for 20 days, decreasing water temperature from 18 to 8 ℃, and sampled muscle every 5 days. Muscle fiber degeneration and apoptosis began to increase at 13 ℃ detected by HE and TUNEL staining. Further analysis of transcriptome revealed that several apoptosis-related pathways were highly enriched by differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We analyzed 10 DEGs from these pathways by RT-qPCR during the temperature-decreasing process. JNK1, PIDD, CytC, Casp 3, and GADD45 were up-regulated after 15 and 20 days, while DUSP3, JNK2, and PARP genes were down-regulated after 15 and 20 days. DUSP5 was up-regulated from 10 to 20 days, and C-JUN was up-regulated after 20 days. We analyzed apoptosis in PaM cells under different temperatures (26 ℃, 23 ℃, 20 ℃, 17 ℃, and 14 ℃). The cell viability significantly declined from 14 to 20 ℃; the TUNEL and IHC results showed that the apoptosis signal increased with the temperature dropping, especially in 17 ℃ and 14 ℃; DUSP5, JNK1, CytC, C-JUN, Casp 3, and GADD45 were up-regulated at 17 ℃ and 14 ℃, and PIDD was up-regulated at 20 ℃, 17 ℃, and 14 ℃. DUSP3 was up-regulated at 20 ℃ but down-regulated at 17 ℃ and 14 ℃, and PARP was down-regulated at 17 ℃ and 14 ℃. JNK2 was up-regulated at 20 ℃ but down-regulated at 17 ℃ and 14 ℃. Our results suggest that DUSP could help inhibit apoptosis in the initial stage of cold stress, but low temperature could down-regulate it and up-regulate JNK-C-JUN, inducing apoptosis in a later stage. These data provide a basis for the study of the response mechanism of fish to cold.

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Data Availability

We uploaded raw reads to NCBI (BioProject accession numbers: PRJAN783750).

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Funding

This work was funded by the Ningbo 2025 Major Project of Science Technology and Innovation (2021Z003), the Zhejiang Major Science Project (2019C02059), the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang (LY18C190008 and LY18C1900013), the Agriculture Key Special Project of Ningbo (2015C110003), and the Natural Science Foundation of China (31772869 and 31872586), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M721729), and General scientific research projects of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education (Y202249062).

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  1. Jiabao Hu and Man Zhang are contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Jiabao Hu, Man Zhang, Kaiheng Yan, Youyi Zhang, Yaya Li, Jiajie Zhu, Guanlin Wang, Xiangbing Wang, Yuanbo Li, Xiang Huang, Jie Tang, Shanliang Xu, Danli Wang, Yajun Wang & Xiaojun Yan

  2. School of Civil & Environmental Engineering and Geography Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Jiabao Hu & Rongyue Zheng

  3. Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Jiabao Hu, Man Zhang, Kaiheng Yan, Youyi Zhang, Yaya Li, Jiajie Zhu, Guanlin Wang, Xiangbing Wang, Yuanbo Li, Xiang Huang, Jie Tang, Shanliang Xu, Danli Wang, Yajun Wang & Xiaojun Yan

  4. Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Jiabao Hu, Man Zhang, Kaiheng Yan, Youyi Zhang, Yaya Li, Jiajie Zhu, Guanlin Wang, Xiangbing Wang, Yuanbo Li, Xiang Huang, Jie Tang, Shanliang Xu, Danli Wang, Yajun Wang & Xiaojun Yan

  5. Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, China

    Shanliang Xu

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  1. Jiabao Hu
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Contributions

Jiabao Hu: methodology, writing (original draft preparation and reviewing), and investigation. Man Zhang: investigation. Kaiheng Yan: investigation. Yaya Li: investigation. Youyi Zhang: investigation. Yuanbo Li: investigation. Guanlin Wang: investigation. Jiajie Zhu: investigation. Xiangbing Wang: investigation. Xiang Huang: investigation. Jie Tang: investigation. Danli Wang: methodology and investigation. Shanliang Xu: methodology and investigation. Rongyue Zheng: methodology and investigation. Yajun Wang: methodology. Xiaojun Yan: supervision and writing (reviewing).

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yajun Wang.

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The Animal Care and Use Committee of Ningbo University approved the protocols (NBU20220079) in this study.

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Hu, J., Zhang, M., Yan, K. et al. Cold Stress Induces Apoptosis in Silver Pomfret via DUSP-JNK Pathway. Mar Biotechnol 25, 846–857 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-023-10245-0

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