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Shell Matrix Protein N38 of Pinctada fucata, Inducing Vaterite Formation, Extends the DING Protein to the Mollusca World

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Abstract

In the animal kingdom, DING proteins were only found in Chordata and Aschelminthes. At present study, a potential DING protein, matrix protein N38, was isolated and purified from the shell of Pinctada fucata. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 14 peptide segments matched between N38 and human phosphate-binding protein (HPBP). HPBP belongs to the DING protein family and has a “DINGGG-” sequence, which is considered a “signature” of HPBP. In this study, the mass spectrometry analysis results showed that N38 had a “DIDGGG-” sequence; this structure is a mutation from the “DINGGG-” structure, which is a distinctive feature of the DING protein family. The role of N38 during calcium carbonate formation was explored through the in vitro crystallization experiment. The results of scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectrum analysis indicated that N38 induced vaterite formation. These findings revealed that N38 might regulate and participate in the precise control of the crystal growth of the shell, providing new clues for biomineralization mechanisms in P. fucata and DING protein family studies. In addition, this study helped extend the research of DING protein to the Mollusca world.

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072975) and the National Key R &D Program of China (2018YFC0310600). We thank International Science Editing (http://www.internationalscienceediting.com) for editing this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Xin Zhang & Zehui Yin

  2. Protein Science laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Rongqing Zhang

  3. Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, 314000, China

    Zhen Zhang, Liping Yao, Xia Chen, Xiaojun Liu & Rongqing Zhang

  4. Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China

    Zhuojun Ma

  5. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China

    Jian Liang

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  1. Xin Zhang
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Xin Zhang and Zehui Yin contributed equally to this work.

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Zhang, X., Yin, Z., Ma, Z. et al. Shell Matrix Protein N38 of Pinctada fucata, Inducing Vaterite Formation, Extends the DING Protein to the Mollusca World. Mar Biotechnol 24, 531–541 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-022-10116-0

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