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Transcriptomic Response to Selective Breeding for Fast Growth in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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Abstract

Genetic improvement for faster growth is a conventional approach to increase growth rates in aquaculture species; however, the genetic and physiological factors regulating growth performance in fish are not fully characterized. The objective of this study was to identify physiological mechanisms associated with faster growth rates by comparing the liver and muscle transcriptome of a rainbow trout line selectively bred for fast growth (growth line, GL) and a contemporary randomly mated control line (synthetic control, SC) from the same selective breeding program. A third genetic line from a commercial egg supplier (commercial A, CA) was also included to characterize differences in gene expression profiles between populations. Body weight of the GL at harvest was approximately 20% and 8% heavier (p < 0.05) than SC and CA, respectively. There were 145 and 36 differentially expressed genes (DEG) in liver and white muscle, respectively, between the GL and SC that were enriched for the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis (GH/IGF) and PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, MAPK, and cAMP signal transduction pathways. A greater concentration of plasma IGF-I was detected in the GL compared with SC (p < 0.05). A unique gene profile was detected in CA, with 11 and 210 DEG in liver and white muscle; these genes associated with innate immunity, complement systems, and metabolic pathways. Collectively, these findings provide a more extensive characterization of the fast-growth phenotype in fish that furthers knowledge of the physiological basis for genetic variation in growth performance in selectively bred rainbow trout.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the technical and animal caretaking contributions from Lisa Radler, Josh Kretzer, Kyle Jenkins, James Everson, and Jenea McGowan. Mention of trade names is solely for accuracy and does not represent endorsement or support by the USDA. The USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider.

Funding

Funding support comes from USDA/ARS project number 8082-31000-012-00D.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV, 25430, USA

    Beth M. Cleveland, Guangtu Gao & Timothy D. Leeds

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  1. Beth M. Cleveland
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  2. Guangtu Gao
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  3. Timothy D. Leeds
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Correspondence to Beth M. Cleveland.

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All experimental procedures and protocols received approval from the NCCCWA Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and adhered to IACUC guidelines (protocol #093).

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Cleveland, B.M., Gao, G. & Leeds, T.D. Transcriptomic Response to Selective Breeding for Fast Growth in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Mar Biotechnol 22, 539–550 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-09974-3

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