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Characterization of Embryo Transcriptome of Gynogenetic Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

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Abstract

Olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus is an important commercially cultured marine flatfish in China, Korea, and Japan. Gynogenesis, via meiogynogenesis and mitogynogenesis, shows advantages in breeding and sex control, but the low survival rate, especially for mitogynogenesis, limits its application. In this study, we sequenced the embryo transcriptomes of gynogenetic haploid, meiogynogenetic diploid, mitogynogenetic diploid, and common diploid flounder and investigated their respective genetic characteristics by analyzing differentiated expressed genes. Compared with common diploid, the gynogenetic haploid showed significant downregulation in notch signaling and wingless-related integration site (Wnt) signaling pathways, which may be the source of haploid syndrome. In both meiogynogenesis and mitogynogenesis, several upregulated genes including complement C3, formin-2, and intelectin may be related to increased survival compared to the haploid. The downregulation of immune system and energy metabolism-related genes caused retarded development of gynogenetic diploids compared with the common diploid. These data provided new and important information for application of artificially induced gynogenesis to aquaculture.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41276171 and 31502156), the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (No. 2015ASKJ02), the National Flatfish Industry System Construction Programme, China (No. nycytx-50), and the National Key Basic Program of Science and Technology-Platforms of Aquaculture Stock Resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Zhaofei Fan, Zhihao Wu, Lijuan Wang, Yuxia Zou, Peijun Zhang & Feng You

  2. Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Zhaofei Fan, Zhihao Wu, Lijuan Wang, Yuxia Zou, Peijun Zhang & Feng You

  3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, People’s Republic of China

    Zhaofei Fan & Lijuan Wang

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  1. Zhaofei Fan
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  2. Zhihao Wu
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Correspondence to Feng You.

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Supplementary Materials

Fig. S1

Hierarchical clustering of DEGs between haploid and common diploid. Common diploid (T04, T05, T06) were clustered together and were distinct from the haploid (T01, T02, T03). Scale bar represents the log2 (FPKM). (PNG 34 kb)

Fig. S2

GO assignment of DEGs between haploid and common diploid. The horizontal axis represents the GO secondary term. The right vertical axis is the number of genes assigned to the GO term, and the left vertical axis is the percent of genes assigned to the GO term. The yellow column is the unigenes subjected to the GO term. Blue represents the DEGs between haploid and common diploid subjected to the GO term. (GIF 421 kb)

High resolution image (TIFF 3405 kb)

Fig. S3

COG assignment of DEGs between haploid and common diploid. The horizontal axis represents the COG term. The vertical axis is the number of genes subjected to the COG term. (PNG 486 kb)

Fig. S4

KEGG class diagram of DEGs between haploid and common diploid. Horizontal coordinate stands for DEGs number and the percent of DEGs among annotated genes. Vertical coordinate stands for pathway class. (PNG 83 kb)

Fig. S5

Scatter diagram of KEGG enrichment of DEGs between haploid and common diploid. Every graphic spot stands for a single kind of pathway, and enrichment factor means the ratio of unigene number to DEG number. Q value is the q value corrections in multiple hypothesis testing. (PNG 398 kb)

Fig. S6

Scatter diagram of KEGG enrichment of DEGs between mitogynogenesis and haploid. (PNG 159 kb)

Fig. S7

Scatter diagram of KEGG enrichment of DEGs between meiogynogenesis and haploid. (PNG 177 kb)

Fig. S8

Scatter diagram of KEGG enrichment of DEGs between mitogynogenesis and common diploid. (PNG 206 kb)

Table S1

The annotated DEGs between haploid and common diploid. (XLSX 163 kb)

Table S2

The annotated DEGs between gynogenetic diploids and haploid. (XLSX 15 kb)

Table S3

The annotated DEGs between gynogenetic diploids and common diploid. (XLSX 11 kb)

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Fan, Z., Wu, Z., Wang, L. et al. Characterization of Embryo Transcriptome of Gynogenetic Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus . Mar Biotechnol 18, 545–553 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-016-9716-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-016-9716-6

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