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Deep-sea Rhodococcus sp. BS-15, Lacking the Phytopathogenic fas Genes, Produces a Novel Glucotriose Lipid Biosurfactant

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Abstract

Glycolipid biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from deep-sea sediment collected from the Okinawa Trough. Isolate BS15 produced the largest amount of the glycolipid, generating up to 6.31 ± 1.15 g l−1 after 4 days at 20 °C. Glucose was identified in the hydrolysate of the purified major component of the biosurfactant glycolipid. According to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, the hydrophobic moieties in the major component were hexadecanoate, octadecanoate, 3-hydroxyhexadecanoate, 2-hydroxyoctanoate, and succinate. The molecular weight of the purified major glycolipid was calculated to be 1,211, while 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra confirmed that the major component consisted of 2 mol of α-glucoside and 1 mol of β-glucoside. The molecular structure was assigned as novel trisaccharide-type glycolipid biosurfactant, glucotriose lipids. The critical micelle concentration of the purified major glycolipid was 2.3 × 10−6 M, with a surface tension of 29.5 mN m−1. Phylogenetic analysis showed isolate BS15 was closely related to a Rhodococcus strains isolated from Antarctica, and to Rhodococcus fascians, a phytopathogen. PCR analysis showed that the fasA, fasB, fasC, fasD, fasE, and fasF genes, which are involved in phytohormone-like cytokinin production, were not present in the genome of BS15; however, analysis of a draft genome sequence of BS15 (5.5 Mb) identified regions with 31 %, 53 %, 46 %, 30 %, and 31 % DNA sequence identity to the fasA, fasB, fasC, and fasD genes, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the captains and crews of the R/V Natsushima and HyperDolphin for their technical expertise. We also thank Dr. Hiroko Makita of JAMSTEC for supporting the GC-MS analysis. This work was partially supported by KAKENHI (24681013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology, 165 Koen-cho, Kitami, Hokkaido, 090-8507, Japan

    Masaaki Konishi & Jun-ichi Horiuchi

  2. Department of Biogeoscience (Biogeos), Japan Agency of Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan

    Masaaki Konishi, Shinro Nishi, Tomo-o Watsuji, Yuriko Nagano, Akinori Yabuki, Satoshi Nakagawa & Yuji Hatada

  3. Research Institute for Innovation of Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial of Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan

    Tokuma Fukuoka & Dai Kitamoto

  4. Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan

    Satoshi Nakagawa

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  1. Masaaki Konishi
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  2. Shinro Nishi
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  3. Tokuma Fukuoka
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  9. Yuji Hatada
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  10. Jun-ichi Horiuchi
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Correspondence to Masaaki Konishi.

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Konishi, M., Nishi, S., Fukuoka, T. et al. Deep-sea Rhodococcus sp. BS-15, Lacking the Phytopathogenic fas Genes, Produces a Novel Glucotriose Lipid Biosurfactant. Mar Biotechnol 16, 484–493 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-014-9568-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-014-9568-x

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