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Bioactivity, Chemical Profiling, and 16S rRNA-Based Phylogeny of Pseudoalteromonas Strains Collected on a Global Research Cruise

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Abstract

One hundred one antibacterial Pseudoalteromonas strains that inhibited growth of a Vibrio anguillarum test strain were collected on a global research cruise (Galathea 3), and 51 of the strains repeatedly demonstrated antibacterial activity. Here, we profile secondary metabolites of these strains to determine if particular compounds serve as strain or species markers and to determine if the secondary metabolite profile of one strain represents the bioactivity of the entire species. 16S rRNA gene similarity divided the strains into two primary groups: One group (51 strains) consisted of bacteria which retained antibacterial activity, 48 of which were pigmented, and another group (50 strains) of bacteria which lost antibacterial activity upon sub-culturing, two of which were pigmented. The group that retained antibacterial activity consisted of six clusters in which strains were identified as Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea, Pseudoalteromonas aurantia, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica, Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica, Pseudoalteromonas rubra, and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida. HPLC-UV/VIS analyses identified key peaks, such as violacein in P. luteoviolacea. Some compounds, such as a novel bromoalterochromide, were detected in several species. HPLC-UV/VIS detected systematic intra-species differences for some groups, and testing several strains of a species was required to determine these differences. The majority of non-antibacterial, non-pigmented strains were identified as Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans, and HPLC-UV/VIS did not further differentiate this group. Pseudoalteromonas retaining antibacterial were more likely to originate from biotic or abiotic surfaces in contrast to planktonic strains. Hence, the pigmented, antibacterial Pseudoalteromonas have a niche specificity, and sampling from marine biofilm environments is a strategy for isolating novel marine bacteria that produce antibacterial compounds.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge Dr. Jesper B. Bruhn for valuable input during the early phase of this study. This study was supported by the Programme Commission on Health, Food and Welfare under the Danish Council for Strategic Research. The present work was carried out as part of the Galathea 3 expedition under the auspices of the Danish Expedition Foundation. This is Galathea 3 contribution no. p73.

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  1. National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, bldg. 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    Nikolaj G. Vynne & Lone Gram

  2. Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, bldg. 221, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

    Maria Månsson & Kristian F. Nielsen

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  1. Nikolaj G. Vynne
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  2. Maria Månsson
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Correspondence to Nikolaj G. Vynne.

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Vynne, N.G., Månsson, M., Nielsen, K.F. et al. Bioactivity, Chemical Profiling, and 16S rRNA-Based Phylogeny of Pseudoalteromonas Strains Collected on a Global Research Cruise. Mar Biotechnol 13, 1062–1073 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-011-9369-4

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