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Cloning and Characterization of the First Cnidarian ADP-Ribosylation Factor, and Its Involvement in the Aiptasia-Symbiodinum Endosymbiosis

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Abstract

Marine cnidarian-microalgal endosymbiosis is a form of intracellular association that contributes greatly to the high primary productivity of reefs; however, little is known about its molecular mechanisms. Since the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family proteins are key regulators of host intracellular vesicle transport systems, which are critical to many endosymbiotic interactions, we set out to clone and characterize ARF proteins in the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella. Experiments indicated that at least 3 ARF protein classes (class I, class II and class III) were present and expressed as a single messenger RNA species in Aiptasia, with highest mRNA expression levels for apARF1, medium for apARF5, and lowest for apARF6. Quantitative analysis revealed a great reduction at both the RNA and the protein levels in apARF1, but not apARF5 and apARF6, in the symbiotic animals. The apARF1 protein was highly homologous in sequence to other known ARF1 proteins and displayed a Golgi-like localization pattern. Overall, our study identified apARF1 as a potential negative regulator of Aiptaisia-microalgal endosymbiosis.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are most grateful to Dr. A. F. Knowles (San Diego State University) for her comments on the manuscript, and to many colleagues in the National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium who provided their assistance and suggestions. This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Council (NSC 89-2611-B-291-001), Taiwan, to L.S.F., and by intramural funding from the NMMBA to M.C.C. The apARF1 DNA sequence reported in this paper has been deposited to GenBank under accession number AF521667.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Planning and Research, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan 944, R.O.C

    Ming-Chyuan Chen, Li-Hsueh Wang, Chorng-Horng Lin, Ping-Jyun Sung & Lee-Shing Fang

  2. Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C

    Ying-Min Cheng

  3. Department of Fishery Science, National Marine University, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O.C

    Xing-Yan Huang

  4. Department of Exhibition, National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan 944, R.O.C

    Ming-Chin Liu

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  1. Ming-Chyuan Chen
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Correspondence to Lee-Shing Fang.

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Chen, MC., Cheng, YM., Wang, LH. et al. Cloning and Characterization of the First Cnidarian ADP-Ribosylation Factor, and Its Involvement in the Aiptasia-Symbiodinum Endosymbiosis . Mar. Biotechnol. 6, 138–147 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-002-0113-y

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