Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a global threat that can make antibacterial treatments ineffective. One well-known method of antibiotic resistance and a common defensive mechanism in many harmful bacteria is the synthesis of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in bacteria. In this study, soil bacteria were screened using the lead acetate agar test and the triple sugar iron test to determine that they were non-endogenous H2S producers. This was further validated by full genome analysis of the identified organism against the gene sequences of H2S-producing genes. Antibacterial resistance of the bacteria was phenotypically analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Then, the effect of exogenous H2S on the antibiotic-resistant bacteria was checked in sodium sulfide, leading to antibiotic re-sensitization.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
References
Allcock S, Young EH, Holmes M, Gurdasani D, Dougan G, Sandhu MS, Török ME (2017) Antimicrobial resistance in human populations: challenges and opportunities. Global Health, Epidemiol Genomics 2:e4. https://doi.org/10.1017/gheg.2017.4
Alwazzeh MJ, Alkuwaiti FA, Alqasim M, Alwarthan S, El-Ghoneimy Y (2020) Infective endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas stutzeri: a case report and literature review. Infect Dis Rep 12(3):105–109. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr12030020
Balouiri M, Sadiki M, Ibnsouda SK (2016) Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: a review. J Pharm Anal 6(2):71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
Balut C, Despa S, Lambrichts I, Ameloot M, Steels P, Smets I (2008) Measurement of cytosolic and mitochondrial pH in living cells during reversible metabolic inhibition. Kidney Int 73(2):226–232. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5002632
Beceiro A, Tomás M, Bou G (2013) Antimicrobial resistance and virulence: a successful or deleterious association in the bacterial world? Clin Microbiol Rev 26(2):185–230. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00059-12
Bilska-Zając E, Marucci G, Piróg-Komorowska A, Cichocka M, Różycki M, Karamon J, Cencek T (2021) Occurrence of Alaria alata in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Poland and detection of genetic variability between isolates. Parasitol Res 120:83–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06914-x
Blair JM, Richmond GE, Piddock LJ (2014) Multidrug efflux pumps in gram-negative bacteria and their role in antibiotic resistance. Future Microbiol 9(10):1165–1177. https://doi.org/10.2217/fmb.14.66
Blair JM, Webber MA, Baylay AJ, Ogbolu DO, Piddock LJ (2015) Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 13(1):42–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3380
Chapman J, Orrell-Trigg R, Kwoon KY, Truong VK, Cozzolino D (2021) A high-throughput and machine learning resistance monitoring system to determine the point of resistance for Escherichia coli with tetracycline: combining UV-visible spectrophotometry with principal component analysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 118(4):1511–1519. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.27664
Fu LH, Wei ZZ, Hu KD, Hu LY, Li YH, Chen XY, Zhang H (2018) Hydrogen sulfide inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli through oxidative damage. J Microbiol 56:238–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-018-7537-1
George MA, Urumbil SK, Anilkumar M (2020) Isolation, identification and characterisation of endophytic bacteria in Biophytum sensifivum (L.) DC. J Pure Appl. Microbiol 14(1):647. https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.14.1.67
Green J, Paget MS (2004) Bacterial redox sensors. Nat Rev Microbiol 2(12):954–966. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1022
Islam MS, Sultana R, Khalekuzzaman M, Sikdar B, Acharjee UK, Hasan MF, Islam MA (2017) Isolation and characterization of bacterial spot disease of citrus through biochemical approaches and its control measures. J Pharmacogn Phytochemistry 6(5):2418–2422
Ju Y, Zhang W, Pei Y, Yang G (2013) H2S signaling in redox regulation of cellular functions. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 91(1):8–14. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2012-0293
Kaur S, Kaur J, Pankaj PP (2014) Isolation and characterization of antibiotic producing microorganisms from soil samples of certain area of Punjab region of India. Int J Pharm Clin Res 6(4):312–315
Li Y, Da Sun KX, Libo J, Renyi P (2021) Hydrogen sulfide enhances plant tolerance to waterlogging stress. Plants 10(9):1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091928
Luhachack L, Nudler E (2014) Bacterial gasotransmitters: an innate defense against antibiotics. Curr Opin Microbiol 21:13–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.017
Ng SY, Ong KX, Surendran ST, Sinha A, Lai JJH, Chen J, Liang J et al (2020) Hydrogen sulfide sensitizes Acinetobacter baumannii to killing by antibiotics. Front Microbiol 11:1875. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01875
Prestinaci F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A (2015) Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathogens and Global Health 109(7):309–318. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000030
Ramirez MS, Tolmasky ME (2010) Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes. Drug Resist Updat 13(6):151–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drup.2010.08.003
Reiffenstein RJ, Hulbert WC, Roth SH (1992) Toxicology of hydrogen sulfide. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 32(1):109–134. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.32.040192.000545
Reygaert WC (2018) An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria. AIMS Microbiology 4(3):482. https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2018.3.482
Rivas R, García-Fraile P, Mateos PF, Martínez-Molina E, Velázquez E (2007) Characterization of xylanolytic bacteria present in the bract phyllosphere of the date palm Phoenix dactylifera. Lett Appl Microbiol 44(2):181–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.02050.x
Samreen AI, Malak HA, Abulreesh HH (2021) Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 27:101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2021.08.001
Shatalin K, Shatalina E, Mironov A, Nudler E (2011) H2S: a universal defense against antibiotics in bacteria. Science 334(6058):986–990. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209855
Sorokin DY, Robertson LA, Kuenen JG (2000) Isolation and characterization of alkaliphilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulphur-oxidizing bacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 77:251–262. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002445704444
Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S (2021) MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol 38(7):3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
Taufieq NAS, Rahim SA, Huyyirnah HJ, Arfan A (2015) Isolation and identification of Desulfovibrio sp. Bacteria from acid sulfate soil. Asian J Appl Sci 3(5)
Toliver-Kinsky T, Cui W, Törö G, Lee SJ, Shatalin K, Nudler E, Szabo C (2019) H2S, a bacterial defense mechanism against the host immune response. Infect Immun 87(1):10–1128. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00272-18
Toro M, Ramirez-Bahena MH, Cuesta MJ, Velazquez E, Peix A (2013) Pseudomonas guariconensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63(Pt_12):4413–4420. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.051193-0
Vazquez J, Pilch S, Williams MI, Cummins D (2005) Clinical efficacy of a triclosan/copolymer/NaF dentifrice and a commercially available breath-freshening dentifrice on hydrogen sulfide-forming bacteria. Oral Dis 11:64–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01095.x
Vogt NA (2021) Using whole-genome sequencing and a one health approach to understand the epidemiology of zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance at the human, wildlife, environmental, and livestock interface in southern Ontario. Doctoral dissertation, University of Guelph. https://hdl.handle.net/10214/25921
World Health Organization (2020) Global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) report: early implementation 2020. World health organization
Zeng X, Lin, J (2013) Beta-lactamase induction and cell wall metabolism in Gram-negative Bacteria. Front Micro 4:128. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00128
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
S.P.S. and P.S. contributed equally to the conceptualization of this work. S.P.S., S.S. were responsible for writing the manuscript. P.S was responsible for supervising the writing of manuscript. All authors have read and consented to the publication of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Conflict of interest
No conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Selvakumar, S., Singh, S. & Swaminathan, P. Detection and evaluation of susceptibility to antibiotics in non-hydrogen sulfide-producing antibiotic-resistant soil microbe: Pseudomonas guariconensis. Int Microbiol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-024-00537-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-024-00537-3