Laparoscopy significantly improves the perceived preoperative stage of gastric cancer

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of laparoscopy in staging patients with gastric cancer in comparison with preoperative computed tomography (CT) examination.

Methods

One hundred patients out of a consecutive series of 258 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma underwent a preoperative staging CT followed by a staging laparoscopy. The strengths of the agreement between the CT stage, the laparoscopic stage, and the final histopathological stage were determined by the weighted Kappa statistic (Kw).

Results

The strengths of agreement between the CT stage and the final histopathological stage were Kw = 0.336 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.172–0.5; P = 0.0001) for T stage and 0.378 (95% CI; 0.226–0.53; P = 0.0001) for M stage, compared with 0.455 (95% CI; 0.301–0.609; P = 0.0001) and 0.73 (95% CI; 0.596–0.864; P = 0.0001) for the laparoscopic T and M stages, respectively. Unsuspected metastases that were not detected by CT, were found in 21 patients at laparoscopy, all of whom had T3 or T4 locally advanced tumors evident on CT.

Conclusions

Preoperative laparoscopic staging of gastric cancer is indicated for potential surgical candidates with locally advanced disease in the absence of metastases on CT.