Abstract
Tropospheric ozone is a strong oxidant which affects human health, agricultural yields, and ecosystem functioning. Thus, it is very important to understand what factors determine ozone formation in order to control air pollution. It is well known that isoprene participates in ozone formation. In this study, we assess the potential impact of climate change in the Mediterranean region on ozone concentration, through drought-related increase or decrease in isoprene emissions after 1 (short drought scenario—1 year of 35% annual rain restriction) and 3 (long drought scenario—3 repeated years of 35% annual restriction) years of drought stress. Using an original experimental dataset of Downy oak isoprene emissions for several drought conditions and idealized drought scenarios in a modeling framework, we showed that ozone concentrations follow the same pattern than isoprene emissions. The short drought scenario used an isoprene emission factor (which is the standardized emission rate at 30 °C and 1000 μmol m−2 s−1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)) 83% higher compared with natural drought and, thus, ozone concentrations increased by 5–30 μg m−3 (3–17%). The long drought scenario used an isoprene emission factor 26% lower compared with natural drought, and ozone concentrations accordingly decreased by 1–10 μg m−3 (0.6–6%). Our results showed that ozone concentration is affected by drought intensity and duration through modification of isoprene emissions indicating that drought stress should be implemented in models (predicting the BVOC emissions).
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to FR3098 ECCOREV and AnaEE France for the O3HP facilities (https://o3hp.obs-hp.fr/index.php/fr/) and Paris Diderot University. We are very grateful to J.-P. Orts and I. Reiter for their constant work in the site. We also thank all members of the DFME team from IMBE and particularly S. Greff, S. Dupouyet, and A. Bousquet-Melou for their help during measurements and analysis that contributed to provide the experimental data set. The authors thank the MASSALYA instrumental platform (Aix Marseille Université, lce.univ-amu.fr) for the analysis and measurements of BVOC used in this publication.
Funding
This work was supported by the French National Agency for Research (ANR) through the CANOPEE and SecPriMe2 projects (ANR 2010 JCJC 603 01 and ANR-12-BSV7-0016-01) and the CNRS-EC2CO through the ICCRAM project; Europe (FEDER) and ADEME/PACA supported PhD funding.
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AS, EO, ACG, and CF designed the experiments. AS, DP, AA, and ACG conducted the research, and collected and analyzed the data. CG, JL, and EO obtained the funding to perform the studies. AS, EO, DP, AA, CB, JL, SS, ACG, and CF wrote the manuscript.
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Saunier, A., Ormeño, E., Piga, D. et al. Isoprene contribution to ozone production under climate change conditions in the French Mediterranean area. Reg Environ Change 20, 111 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01697-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01697-4