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Whale watch or no watch: the Australian whale watching tourism industry and climate change

Regional Environmental Change volume 17, pages 477–488 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

Whale watching is a billion dollar industry worldwide. One of the most popular species for whale watching is the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). The migratory corridors, feeding, resting and calving sites which are used for whale watching may be influenced by changing ocean currents and water temperatures. Here, we used an innovative approach addressing the emerging issue of climate change on the whale watch industry. This involved participatory modelling using key stakeholders for the whale watching industry to develop a systems conceptualisation model for evaluating the potential effects of climate change based on a case study from the east coast of Australia. This participatory approach allowed us to identify the causal linkages (including feedback pathways) between different “Elements” of the system within which the whale watching industry operates. It also allowed us to integrate multiple drivers covering socio-economic and environmental aspects including climate change (e.g. temperature), policy (e.g. number of boats), ecology (e.g. number of whales) and socio-economics (e.g. number of tourists) to evaluate the changes in the overall system. We then developed a Bayesian belief network model from the systems conceptualisation on which stakeholders identified a priority issue (Profitability). Stakeholders provided the structure and the quantification of this model, and a sensitivity analysis was carried out to help identify important intervention points for the industry. Overall, our research illustrates how such a modelling process can assist local tourism operators and authorities in making rational management decisions within a holistic or systems-based framework and its approach is applicable to other regions.

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Acknowledgments

We like to thank the workshop participants for their outstanding contribution to this research project and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The project was funded by the Griffith Climate Change Response Program (GCCRP) and undertaken under Griffith University Human ethics permit ENV/46/14/HREC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Griffith Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

    Jan-Olaf Meynecke & Russell Richards

  2. Griffith Climate Change Response Program, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

    Jan-Olaf Meynecke & Oz Sahin

  3. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia

    Russell Richards

  4. Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

    Oz Sahin

  5. Humpbacks and High-rises Inc, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia

    Jan-Olaf Meynecke

Authors
  1. Jan-Olaf Meynecke
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  2. Russell Richards
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Correspondence to Jan-Olaf Meynecke.

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Editor: Marc J. Metzger.

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Meynecke, JO., Richards, R. & Sahin, O. Whale watch or no watch: the Australian whale watching tourism industry and climate change. Reg Environ Change 17, 477–488 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1034-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-1034-z

Keywords

  • Whale watching
  • Climate change
  • Adaptation
  • Stakeholder
  • Bayesian belief network