Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Economic costs of reduced irrigation water availability in Uzbekistan (Central Asia)

Regional Environmental Change volume 16, pages 2369–2387 (2016)Cite this article

Abstract

Reduced river runoff and expected upstream infrastructural developments are both potential threats to irrigation water availability for the downstream countries in Central Asia. Although it has been recurrently mentioned that a reduction in water supply will hamper irrigation in the downstream countries, the magnitude of associated economic losses, economy-wide repercussions on employment rates, and degradation of irrigated lands has not been quantified as yet. A computable general equilibrium model is used to assess the economy-wide consequences of a reduced water supply in Uzbekistan—a country that encompasses more than half of the entire irrigated croplands in Central Asia. Modeling findings showed that a 10–20 % reduction in water supply, as expected in the near future, may reduce the areas to be irrigated by 241,000–374,000 hectares and may cause unemployment to a population of 712–868,000, resulting in a loss for the national income of 3.6–4.3 %. A series of technical, financial, and institutional measures, implementable at all levels starting from the farm to the basin scale, are discussed for reducing the expected water risks. The prospects of improving the basin-wide water management governance, increasing water and energy use efficiency, and establishing the necessary legal and institutional frameworks for enhancing the introduction of needed technological and socioeconomic change are argued as options for gaining more regional water security and equity.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price includes VAT (Canada)

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

References

  • Abdullayev I, Kazbekov J, Molden D (2007) Water conservation practices in the Syr Darya Basin of Central Asia: water productivity impacts and alternatives. Int Water Irrig J 2:14–17

    Google Scholar 

  • ADB (2011) Online database on socio-economic indicators of Asian countries: Uzbekistan. www.adb.org. Accessed 16 June 2011

  • ADB (Asian Development Bank) (2008) Key economic indicators: Uzbekistan (Online database). http://www.adb.org. Accessed 20 Aug 2008

  • Aleksandrova M, Lamers JPA, Martius C, Tischbein B (2014) Rural vulnerability to environmental change in the irrigated lowlands of Central Asia and options for policymakers: a review. Environ Sci Policy 41:77–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Awan UK, Tischbein B, Kamalov P, Martius C, Hafeez M (2012) Modeling irrigation scheduling under shallow groundwater conditions as a tool for an integrated management of surface and groundwater resources. In: Martius C, Rudenko I, Lamers JPA, Vlek PLG (eds) Cotton, water, salts and soums: economic and ecological restructuring in Khorezm, Uzbekistan. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 309–327

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov M (2014) Efficient water allocation and water conservation modeling. Ph.D. thesis. Bonn University, Bonn. http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/2014/3609/3609.pdf

  • Bekchanov M, Bhaduri A (2013) National tendencies and regional differences in small business development in Uzbekistan. Paper presented at IAMO Forum, 19–21 June, 2013, Halle, Germany

  • Bekchanov M, Lamers JPA, Martius C (2010) Pros and cons of adopting water-wise approaches in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya: a socio-economic view. Water 2:200–216. doi:10.3390/w2020200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov M, Müller M, Lamers JPA (2012) A computable general equilibrium analysis of agricultural development reforms: national and regional perspective. In: Martius C, Rudenko I, Lamers JPA, Vlek PLG (eds) Cotton, water, salts and soums—economic and ecological restructuring in Khorezm, Uzbekistan. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 347–370

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov M, Bhaduri A, Ringler C (2015a) Potential gains from water rights trading in the Aral Sea Basin. Agr Water Manage 152:41–56. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2014.12.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov M, Ringler C, Bhaduri A (2015b) A water rights trading approach to increasing inflows to the Aral Sea. Land Degrad Dev. doi:10.1002/ldr.2394

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov M, Ringler C, Bhaduri A, Jeuland M (2015c) How would the Rogun Dam affect water and energy scarcity in Central Asia? Water Int. doi:10.1080/02508060.2015.1051788

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov M, Djanibekov N, Ringer C, Bhaduri A (2015d) Benefits of regional cooperation in water use to cope with water scarcity in the Aral Sea Basin (Central Asia). Paper presented at: IAMO Forum 2015: agriculture and climate change in transition economies, Halle (Saale), Germany

  • Bekchanov M, Ringler C, Bhaduri A, Jeuland M (2015e) Optimizing irrigation efficiency improvements in the Aral Sea Basin. Water Resour Econ. doi:10.1016/j.wre.2015.08.003

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov M, Lamers JPA, Tischbein B, Bhaduri A, Lenzen M (2015f) Input-output model-based water footprint indicators to support IWRM in the irrigated drylands of Uzbekistan, Central Asia. In: Borchardt D, Bogardi JJ, Ibisch RB (eds) Integrated water resources management: concept, research and implementation. Springer, Dordrecht. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25071-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekchanov M, Sood A, Jeuland M (2015g) Review of hydro-economic models to address river basin management problems: structure, applications and research gaps. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). 60p (IWMI Working Paper 167). doi: 10.5337/2015.218

  • Berck P, Robinson S, Goldman G (1991) The use of computable general equilibrium models to assess water policies. In: Dinar A, Zilberman D (eds) The economics and management of water and drainage in agriculture. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Bobojonov I, Aw-Hassan A (2014) Impacts of climate change on farm income security in Central Asia: an integrated modeling approach. Agric Ecosyst Environ 188:245–255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bobojonov I, Lamers JPA, Djanibekov N, Ibragimov N, Begdullaeva T, Ergashev A, Kienzler K, Eshchanov R, Rakhimov A, Ruzimov J, Martius C (2012) Crop diversification in support of sustainable agriculture in Khorezm. In: Martius C, Rudenko I, Lamers JPA, Vlek PLG (eds) Cotton, water, salts and soums—economic and ecological restructuring in Khorezm. Uzbekistan, Springer, Dordrecht, pp 219–233

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Cattaneo A (2002) Balancing agricultural development and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Research Report 129. International Food and Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC

  • Cattaneo A, El-Said M, Robinson S (2000) Updating and estimating a social accounting matrix using cross entropy methods. Discussion Paper No. 58, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Trade and Macroeconomics Division (TMD), Washington, DC

  • Center for Economic Research (CER) (2006) Modeling the impact of changes in tax rates on key macroeconomic parameters. UNDP, Tashkent

    Google Scholar 

  • Christmann S, Martius C, Bedoshvili D, Bobojonov I, Carli C, Devkota K, Ibragimov Z, Khalikulov Z, Kienzler K, Manthrithilake H, Mavlyanova R, Mirzabaev A, Nishanov N, Sharma RC, Tashpulatova B, Toderich K, Turdieva M (2009) Food security and climate change in Central Asia and the Caucasus. ICARDA, Tashkent

    Google Scholar 

  • Chub VE (2010) Climate change and its impact on hydrometeorological processes, agro-climatic and water resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Center for Hydro-meteorological Service under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzhydromet)/Scientific and Research Hydro-meteorological Institute (NIGMI), Tashkent (Uzbekistan)

  • Conliffe A (2009) The combined impacts of political and environmental change on rural livelihoods in the Aral Sea Basin of Uzbekistan. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford, School of Geography, 424

  • Diao X, Roe T (2000) The win-win effect of joint water market and trade reform on interest groups in irrigated agriculture in Morocco. In: Dinar A (ed) The political economy of water pricing reforms. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 141–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Diao X, Dinar A, Roe T, Tsur Y (2008) A general equilibrium analysis of conjunctive ground and surface water use with an application to Morocco. Agric Econ 38:117–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinar A (2014) Water and economy-wide policy interventions. Found Trends Microecon 10(2):85–165. doi:10.1561/0700000059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon PB (1990) A general equilibrium approach to public utility pricing: determining prices for a water authority. J Policy Model 12(4):745–767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon PB, Rimmer MT, Wittwer G (2011) Saving the southern Murray Darling basin: the economic effects of a buyback of irrigation water. Econ Rec 87(276):153–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djanibekov N (2008) Introducing Water Pricing Among Agricultural Producers In Khorezm, Uzbekistan: An Economic Analysis. In: Qi, J, Evered, K (Eds), Environmental problems of Central Asia and their economic, social and security impacts (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security), Springer, 217–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8960-2_16

  • Djanibekov N, Valentinov V (2015) Evolutionary governance, sustainability, and systems theory: the case of Central Asia. In: Beunen R, Van Assche K, Duineveld M (eds) Evolutionary governance theory: theory and applications. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 119–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Djanibekov U, Khamzina A, Djanibekov N, Lamers JPA (2012a) How attractive are short-term CDM forestations in arid regions? For Policy Econ 21:108–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djanibekov N, van Assche K, Bobojonov I, Lamers JPA (2012b) Farm restructuring and land consolidation in Uzbekistan: new farms with old barriers. Eur Asia Stud 64(6):1101–1126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djumaniyazova Y, Sommer R, Ibragimov N, Ruzimov J, Lamers JPA, Vlek P (2010) Simulating water use and N response of winter wheat in the irrigated floodplains of arid Northwest Uzbekistan, Central Asia. Field Crop Res 116(3):239–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubovyk O, Menz G, Conrad C, Kan E, Machwitz M, Khamzina A (2013) Spatio-temporal analyses of cropland degradation in the irrigated lowlands of Uzbekistan using remote-sensing and logistic regression modeling. Environ Monit Assess 185:4775–4790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dukhovny VA, de Schutter JLG (2011) Water in central Asia: past, present, future. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  • EDB & EC IFAS (2009) The impact of climate change on water resources in Central Asia. Consolidated report. Eurasian Development Bank and Executive Committee of International Fund for Saving Aral Sea: Almaty, Kazakhstan

  • Eshchanov BR, Stultjes MGP, Salaev SK, Eshchanov RA (2011) Rogun Dam—path to energy independence or security threat? Sustainability 3:1573–1592

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golan A, Judge G, Miller D (1996) Maximum entropy econometrics: Robust estimation with limited data, New York

  • Gomez CM, Tirado D, Rey-Maquieira J (2004) Water exchanges versus water works: insights from a computable general equilibrium model for the Balearic Islands. Water Resour Res 40:W10502. doi:10.1029/2004WR003235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodman DJ (2000) More reservoirs or transfers? A computable general equilibrium analysis of projected water shortages in the Arkansas River Basin. J Agr Resour Econ 25(2):698–713

    Google Scholar 

  • Horridge M, Madden J, Wittwer G (2005) The impact of the 2002–2003 drought on Australia. J Policy Model 27(3):285–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (2008) Climate Change and Water. In: Bates BC, Kundzewicz ZW, Wu S, Palutikof JP (eds) Technical paper of the IPCC. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Secretariat, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Jalilov SM, DeSutter TM, Leitch JA (2011) Impact of Rogun dam on downstream Uzbekistan agriculture. Int J Water Res Environ Eng 3(8):161–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Karimov A, Mavlonov A, Miryusupov F, Gracheva I, Borisov V, Abdurahmonov B (2012) Modelling policy alternatives toward managed aquifer recharge in the Fergana Valley, Central Asia. Water Int 37(4):380–394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karimov A, Smakhtin V, Mavlonov A, Borisov A, Gracheva I, Miryusupov F, Akhmedov A, Anzelm K, Yakubov S, Karimov A (2014) Managed aquifer recharge: a potential component of water management in the Syrdarya River basin. J Hydrol Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001046

    Google Scholar 

  • Khamzina A, Lamers JPA, Vlek PLG (2012) Conversion of degraded cropland to tree plantations for ecosystem and livelihood benefits. In: Martius C, Rudenko I, Lamers JPA, Vlek PLG (eds) Cotton, water, salts and soums: economic and ecological restructuring in Khorezm, Uzbekistan. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 235–248

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lennox JA, Diukanova O (2011) Modelling regional general equilibrium effects and irrigation in Canterbury. Water Policy 13:250–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libert B, Orolbaev E, Steklov Y (2008) Water and energy crisis in Central Asia. Chin Eurasia Forum Q 6:9–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Lioubimtseva E, Henebry GM (2009) Climate and environmental change in arid Central Asia: impacts, vulnerability, and adaptations. J Arid Environ 73:963–977

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Hertel TW, Taheripour F, Zhu T, Ringler C (2014) International trade buffers the impact of future irrigation shortfalls. Glob Environ Chang 29:22–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lofgren H, Harris RL, Robinson S (2002) A standard computable general equilibrium (CGE) model in GAMS, Discussion paper No. 75, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Trade and Macroeconomics Division (TMD), Washington, DC

  • Luckmann J, Grethe H, McDonald S, Orlov A, Siddig K (2014) An integrated economic model of multiple types and uses of water. Water Resour Res 50:3875–3892. doi:10.1002/2013WR014750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martius C, Froebrich J, Nuppenau EA (2009) Water resource management for improving environmental security and rural livelihoods in the irrigated Amu Darya lowlands. In: Brauch HG, Oswald Spring U, Grin J, Mesjasz C, Kameri-Mbote P, Behera NC, Chourou B, Krummenacher H (eds) Facing global environmental change: environmental, human, energy, food, health and water security concepts. Hexagon series on Human and environmental security and peace. Springer, Berlin, p 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Micklin P (2010) The past, present, and future of the Aral Sea. Lakes Reserv Res Manag 15(3):193–213. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2010.00437.x/abstract. Accessed 29 July 2011

  • Mirzabaev A (2013) Impact of weather variability and climate change on agricultural revenues in Central Asia. Quart J Int Agric 3:179–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller M (2006) A general equilibrium analysis of water and land use in Uzbekitan. Bonn, Germany, Ph.D. dissertation, Bonn University

  • National Statistical Committee (UzStat) (2006) Industry in Uzbekistan. Statistical report, UzStat, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Google Scholar 

  • National Statistical Committee (UzStat) (2008) Statistical yearbook, 1991–2007. Statistical report, UzStat, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Hara S, Hannan T (1999) Irrigation and water management in Turkmenistan: past systems, present problems and future scenarios. Eur Asia Stud 51(1):21–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ososkova T, Gorelkin N, Chub V (2000) Water resources of Central Asia and adaptation measures for climate change. Environ Monit Assess 61:161–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson D, Dwyer G, Appels D, Fry J (2005) Water trade in the southern Murray-Darling Basin. Econ Rec 81(255):S115–S127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakhmatullaev S, Abdullaev I (2014) Central Asian irrigation sector in a climate change context: some reflections. J Water Clim Change 5(3):341–356. doi:10.2166/wcc.2014.120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakhmatullaev S, Huneau F, Kazbekov J, Le Coustumer P, Jumanov J, El Oifi B, Motelica-Heino M, Hrkal Z (2009) Groundwater resources and management in the Amu Darya River Basin (Central Asia). Environ Earth Sci 59:1183–1193. doi:10.1007/s12665-009-0107-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakhmatullaev S, Huneau F, Le Coustumer P, Motelica-Heino M, Bakiev M (2010a) Facts and perspectives of water reservoirs in Central Asia: a special focus on Uzbekistan. Water 2:307–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rakhmatullaev S, Huneau F, Le Coustumer P, Motelica-Heino M (2010b) Sustainable irrigated agricultural production of countries in economic transition: challenges and opportunities (A case study of Uzbekistan, Central Asia). In: Felix CW (ed) Agricultural production. Nova Science Publishers, New York, pp 139–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakhmatullaev S, Huneau F, Kazbekov J, Celle-Jeanton H, Motelica-Heino M, Le Coustumer P, Jumanov J (2012) Groundwater resources of Uzbekistan: an environmental and operational overview. Open Geosci 4(1):67–80. doi:10.2478/s13533-011-0062-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson S, Willenbockel D, Strzepek K (2012) A dynamic general equilibrium analysis of adaptation to climate change in Ethiopia. Rev Dev Econ 16:489–502. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9361.2012.00676.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose A, Liao SY (2005) Modeling regional economic resilience to disasters: a computable general equilibrium analysis of water service disruptions. J Reg Sci 45(1):75–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosegrant MW, Ringler C, Zhu T (2009) Water for agriculture: maintaining food security under growing scarcity. Annu Rev Environ Resour 34:205–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rudenko I (2008) Value chains for rural and regional development: The case of cotton, wheat, fruit and vegetable value chains in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan, Ph.D. thesis, University of Hannover, Hannover, Germany

  • Rudenko I, Lamers JPA (2010) The Aral Sea: an ecological disaster. Case study 8-6. In: Pinstrup-Andersen P, Cheng F (Eds), Food policy for developing countries: case studies, 14 p

  • Rudenko I, Nurmetov K, Lamers JPA (2012) State order and policy strategies in the cotton and wheat value chains. In: Martius C, Rudenko I, Lamers JPA, Vlek PLG (eds) Cotton, water, salts and soums: economic and ecological restructuring in Khorezm, Uzbekistan. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 371–388

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rudenko I, Bekchanov M, Djanibekov U, Lamers JPA (2013) The added value of a water footprint approach: micro- and macroeconomic analysis of cotton production, processing and export in water bound Uzbekistan. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.09.007

  • Savoskul OS, Shevnina EV, Perziger F, Barburin V, Danshin A (2004) How much water will be available for irrigation in the future? The Syr Darya Basin (Central Asia). In: Aerts JCJH, Droogers P (eds) Climate change in contrasting river basins, Adaptation strategies for water, food and the environment. CABI, Wallingford, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Sehring J, Giese E (2011) Global environmental change and conflict potential in Central Asia. In: Brauch HG, Oswald Spring U, Mesjasz C, Grin J, Kameri-Mbote P, Chourou B, Dunay P, Birkmann J (eds) Coping with global environmental change disasters and security. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Seung CK, Harris TR, MacDiarmid TR, Shaw WD (1998) Economic impacts of water reallocation: a CGE analysis for the Walker River Basin of Nevada and California. J Reg Anal Policy 28(2):13–34

    Google Scholar 

  • SIC-ICWC (2012). CAREWIB—Central Asian regional water information base (Online resource). http://www.cawater-info.net/

  • Siderius C, Schoumans OF (2009) Baseline assessment Amudarya: On water quantity, quality and ecosystem issues. In: Report of the NeWater project—New approaches to adaptive water management under uncertainty, 41 www.newater.info

  • Siegfried T, Bernauer T, Guiennet R, Sellars S, Robertson A, Mankin J, Bauer-Gottwein P, Yakovlev A (2012) Will climate change exacerbate water stress in Central Asia? Clim Change 112:881–899

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smajgl A (2006) Quantitative evaluation of water use benefits—an integrative modeling approach for the Great Barrier Reef region. Nat Resour Model 19(4):511–538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sommer R, Glazirina M, Yuldashev T, Otarov A, Ibraeva M, Martynova L, Bekenov M, Kholov B, Ibragimov N, Kobilov R, Karaev S, Sultonov M, Khasanova F, Esanbekov M, Mavlyanov D, Isaev S, Abdurahimov S, Ikramov R, Shezdyukova L, de Pauw E (2013) Impact of climate change on wheat productivity in Central Asia. Agric Ecosyst Environ 178:78–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sorg A, Mosello B, Shalpykova G, Allan A, Hill Clarvis M, Stoffel M (2014) Coping with changing water resources: the case of the Syr Darya river basin in Central Asia. Environ Sci Policy 43:68–77. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2013.11.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spoor M (1993) Transition to market economies in former Soviet Central Asia: dependency, cotton and water. Eur J Dev Res 5(2):142–148. doi:10.1080/09578819308426591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spoor M (1998) The Aral Sea Basin crisis: transition and environment in former Soviet Central Asia. Dev Change 29:409–435. doi:10.1111/1467-7660.00084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spoor M, Visser O (2001) The state of Agrarian reform in the former Soviet Union. Eur Asia Stud 53(6):885–901. doi:10.1080/09668130120078540

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton WR, Srivastava JP, Neumann JE, Iglesias A, Boehlert BB (2013) Reducing the vulnerability of Uzbekistan’s agricultural systems to climate change: impact assessment and adaptation options. World Bank, Washington, DC

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Tirado D, Gomez CM, Lozano J (2006) Efficiency improvements and water policy in the Balearic Islands: a general equilibrium approach. Invest Econ 30(3):441–463

    Google Scholar 

  • Tischbein B, Awan UK, Abdullaev I, Bobojonov I, Conrad C, Jabborov H, Forkutsa I, Ibrakhimov M, Poluasheva G (2012) Water management in Khorezm: current situation and options for improvement (hydrological perspective). In: Martius C, Rudenko I, Lamers JPA, Vlek PLG (Eds) Cotton, water, salts and soums: economic and ecological restructuring in Khorezm, Uzbekistan

  • Varis O (2014) Curb vast water use in Central Asia. Nature 514:27–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittwer G, Griffith M (2011) Modelling drought and recovery in the southern Murray-Darling basin. Aust J Agric Resour Econ 55:342–359

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Data for this research were collected as part of a Ph.D. research at the Center for Development Research (ZEF) of Bonn University, supported by the IPSWaT research scholarship of the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Dr. Marc Müller (ZEF) provided invaluable technical support to develop the updated CGE model of Uzbekistan. The authors thank Murod Sultanov (Urgench State University, Uzbekistan) for preparing a map of Central Asian countries and irrigated areas. They also thank the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land, and Ecosystems (WLE) for supporting the design of modeling simulations and the preparation of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Colombo, Sri Lanka

    Maksud Bekchanov

  2. Center for Development Research (ZEF)/Bonn University, Bonn, Germany

    Maksud Bekchanov & John P. A. Lamers

Authors
  1. Maksud Bekchanov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John P. A. Lamers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maksud Bekchanov.

Additional information

Editor: Juan Ignacio Lopez Moreno.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bekchanov, M., Lamers, J.P.A. Economic costs of reduced irrigation water availability in Uzbekistan (Central Asia). Reg Environ Change 16, 2369–2387 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-0961-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-016-0961-z

Keywords

  • Computable general equilibrium model
  • Agriculture
  • Agroprocessing
  • Unemployment
  • Abandonment of land
  • National income
  • Aral Sea Basin

Search

Navigation