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Examining relationships between climate change and mental health in the Circumpolar North

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Abstract

Indigenous people living in the Circumpolar North rely, to varying degrees, on the natural environment and the resources it provides for their lifestyle and livelihoods. As a consequence, these Northern Indigenous peoples may be more sensitive to global climate change, which has implications for food security, cultural practices, and health and well-being. To date, most research on the human dimensions of climate change in the Circumpolar North has focused on biophysical issues and their consequences, such as changing sea ice regimes affecting travel to hunting grounds or the effects of melting permafrost on built infrastructure. Less is known about how these changes in the environment affect mental health and well-being. In this paper, we build upon existing research, combined with our community-based research and professional mental health practices, to outline some pathways and mechanisms through which climate change may adversely impact mental health and well-being in the Circumpolar North. Our analysis indicates that mental health may be affected by climate change due to changes to land, ice, snow, weather, and sense of place; impacts to physical health; damage to infrastructure; indirect impacts via media, research, and policy; and through the compounding of existing stress and distress. We argue that climate change is likely an emerging mental health challenge for Circumpolar Indigenous populations and efforts to respond through research, policy, and mental health programming should be a priority. We conclude by identifying next steps in research, outlining points for policy, and calling for additional mental health resources that are locally responsive and culturally relevant.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the many wonderful Circumpolar communities, health professionals, and Indigenous partners with whom we have been collaborating and from whom we have learned so much. We also wish to thank Adam Bonnycastle (University of Guelph) for creating the map, and the two anonymous reviewers for providing very helpful comments and suggestions, which improved this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Nursing and Indigenous Studies, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS, B1P 6L2, Canada

    Ashlee Cunsolo Willox

  2. Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Eleanor Stephenson & Joanna Petrasek MacDonald

  3. Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA

    Jim Allen

  4. Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK

    François Bourque

  5. Department of Psychiatry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

    Alexander Drossos

  6. SANKS—Sami National Centre for Mental Health, Lakselv, Norway

    Sigmund Elgarøy

  7. Departments of Psychology and Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA

    Michael J. Kral

  8. Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Ian Mauro

  9. Departments of Anthropology and Environmental Studies, Haverford College, Haverford, PA, USA

    Joshua Moses

  10. Faculty of Arts and Business, Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia

    Tristan Pearce

  11. Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

    Tristan Pearce

  12. Division of Community Health Studies, Department of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA

    Lisa Wexler

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  1. Ashlee Cunsolo Willox
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  2. Eleanor Stephenson
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  3. Jim Allen
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  10. Tristan Pearce
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Correspondence to Ashlee Cunsolo Willox.

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Cunsolo Willox, A., Stephenson, E., Allen, J. et al. Examining relationships between climate change and mental health in the Circumpolar North. Reg Environ Change 15, 169–182 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0630-z

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