Abstract
This paper discusses that human-centered automation for traffic safety can vary depending on transportation mode. Quality of human operators and time-criticality are factors characterizing the domain-dependence. The questions asked in this paper are: (1) Does the statement that, “The human must be in command,” have to hold at all times and on every occasion, and in every transportation mode? and (2) What the automation may do when it detected the human’s inappropriate behavior or performance while monitoring the human? Is it allowed only to give some warnings? Or, is it allowed to act autonomously to resolve the detected problem? This paper also argues that human-centered automation must be multi-layered, by taking into account not only enhancement of situation awareness but also trading of authority between humans and machines.
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Acknowledgement
This work has been partially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Government of Japan, with the Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology–Research and Development Program for Resolving Critical Issues. Since 2004 the author has been the leader of 3-year project, “Situation and Intention Recognition for Risk Finding and Avoidance: Human-Centered Technology for Transportation Safety.” The research project aims at developing adaptive automation for automobile and its associated technologies, in which authority of control is traded between a driver and automation dynamically depending on the driver’s psychological/physiological state, time-criticality, and risks of the situation in the traffic environment.
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Inagaki, T. Design of human–machine interactions in light of domain-dependence of human-centered automation. Cogn Tech Work 8, 161–167 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-006-0034-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-006-0034-z