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Time-dependent photobiomodulation management of neuropathic pain induced by spinal cord injury in male rats

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Abstract

Neuropathic pain (NP) following spinal cord injury (SCI) often lasts for a long time and causes a range of problems that reduce the quality of life. Current treatments are not generally effective; however, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has made some progress in this area. Due to the novelty of this treatment, standard therapeutic protocols have not yet been agreed upon. In the present study, we compare the analgesic effect of two PBMT protocols (2 and 4 weeks of radiation). A total of thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, SCI, 2 W PBMT, and 4 W PBMT. SCI was induced by an aneurism clip and PBMT used a 660-nm, initiated 30 min post-SCI, and continued daily for 2 or 4 weeks. Functional recovery, hyperalgesia, and allodynia were measured weekly. At the end of the study, the Gad65, interleukin 1-alpha (IL1α), interleukin 10 (IL10), IL4, and purinergic receptor (P2xR and P2yR) expressions were measured. Data were analyzed by Prism6. The results showed PBM irradiation for 2 and 4 weeks had the same effects in improving hyperalgesia. In the case of allodynia and functional recovery, 4 W PBMT was more effective (p<0.01). 4 W PBMT increased the Gad65 expression (p <0.001) and reduced P2Y4R (p <0.05) compared to SCI animals. The effects of 2 and 4 W PBMT were the same for IL1α, IL10, and P2X3 receptors. 4 W PBMT was more effective in reducing the complications of SCI such as pain and disability. PBMT therapy is an effective method aimed at immune system function modulation to reduce NP and motor dysfunction.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

The present study was financially supported by the research affairs of the Iran University of Medical Sciences (grant numbers 98-3-32-16267). The budget provided by the Iran University of Medical Sciences was used only to purchase materials and equipment.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Atousa Janzadeh

  2. Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Ramezani & Farinaz Nasirinezhad

  3. Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran

    Sogol Yousefi

  4. Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa

    Michael R Hamblin

  5. Program in Neuroscience, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA

    Negin Mojarad

  6. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Farinaz Nasirinezhad

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  1. Atousa Janzadeh
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  2. Fatemeh Ramezani
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  3. Sogol Yousefi
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  4. Michael R Hamblin
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  5. Negin Mojarad
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  6. Farinaz Nasirinezhad
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Contributions

F.N designed and supervised the experiment and edited the final version of the manuscript. F.R carried out the western blotting. A.J carried out the surgeries on animals and wrote the manuscript under the supervision of F.N. M.H was consulted about the radiation therapy and English editing of the manuscript. N.M and S.Y carried out the behavioral test and radiation therapy.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Farinaz Nasirinezhad.

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Ethical approval

Experimental research protocol on animals was approved by the ethics committee of the Iran University of Medical Sciences. The ethical clearance number issued for the laboratory trial from IUMS was “IR.IUMS.REC.139.” All procedures were strictly conducted by the code of ethics.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Janzadeh, A., Ramezani, F., Yousefi, S. et al. Time-dependent photobiomodulation management of neuropathic pain induced by spinal cord injury in male rats. Lasers Med Sci 38, 120 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-023-03722-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-023-03722-4

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