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Detection of hypokalemia disorder and its relation with hypercalcemia in blood serum using LIBS technique for patients of colorectal cancer grade I and grade II

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Abstract

Cancer continues to be the most dangerous disease around the world; it causes electrolyte imbalance as well as metabolic changes. There is a complicated relationship between electrolyte disorder and cancer. Cancer patients commonly pass with abnormalities in serum electrolyte levels such as hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and hypercalcemia. So, these electrolyte imbalances indicate the existence of paraneoplastic processes and help come to a more informed prognosis. Hypokalemia is defined as a serum potassium concentration below 3.5 mmol/L and it is the second common electrolyte imbalance seen in patients with malignant diseases. In this paper, the contribution of serum potassium concentration to tumor progression was studied by applying a promising and non-invasive technique called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). It was found that there is a correlation between hypokalemia and the colorectal cancer problem. Also, significant serum potassium concentration differences were detected among two different stages of the same cancer and also between two groups of the same stage of a cancer held in common but one of them suffers from hypercalcemia. In addition, the optimum conditions of LIBS setup were arranged such that it will be suitable to work with serum samples on glass substrate.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, but because it is related to individuals, so it could not be public.

Code availability

Origin Pro 8, 8 SR0, v8.0724, Origin Lab Corporation, USA. Andor SOLIS 64-bit.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from all those people who support us to finish this work, especially those volunteers from Egypt who provided us with the samples of their blood serum. Also, we appreciate and acknowledge all the efforts that have been done from the team of LIBS lab in School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology. Again, we are so grateful for the big help done by Dr. Ahmed Ashour—Biokits Lab Technology—the hematologist who has collected and centrifuged the samples.

Funding

This study was funded by NSAF of China (Grant No. 51875006 and 51705009), the National Key Research and Development Project (2018YFB0504400), and the Beijing Commission of Education ( KM201810005001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Strong-Field and, Ultrafast Photonics Lab, Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China

    Elshaimaa M. Emara, Haiying Song & Shibing Liu

  2. National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt

    Hisham Imam & Wael M. Elwekeel

  3. School of Science, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130000, China

    Xun Gao

  4. Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, 61519, Egypt

    Mostafa M. Mohammed

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  1. Elshaimaa M. Emara
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  2. Haiying Song
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  3. Hisham Imam
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  4. Wael M. Elwekeel
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  5. Xun Gao
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  6. Mostafa M. Mohammed
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  7. Shibing Liu
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Correspondence to Elshaimaa M. Emara or Shibing Liu.

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The authors herein attest that all human studies undertaken as part of research from which this manuscript is derived are in compliance with the regulations of their institutions and generally accepted guidelines governing such work. The authors warrant that this manuscript contains no violation of any existing copyright or other third-party right or any material of an obscene, indecent, libelous, or otherwise unlawful nature, and that to the best of their knowledge, the manuscript does not infringe the rights of others. The entire tested samples were collected from volunteers upon their agreement to use their samples in this research and the sample collection has been conducted under the supervision and observation of a specialist (hematologist) from Biokits Lab Technology (to support medical and scientific research) with license number 8774/14/7/2014 from Ministry of Health & Population, Egypt.

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Emara, E.M., Song, H., Imam, H. et al. Detection of hypokalemia disorder and its relation with hypercalcemia in blood serum using LIBS technique for patients of colorectal cancer grade I and grade II. Lasers Med Sci 37, 1081–1093 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03355-5

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