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Mechanistic aspects of photobiomodulation therapy in the nervous system

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Abstract

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) previously known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used for over 30 years, to treat neurological diseases. Low-powered lasers are commonly used for clinical applications, although recently LEDs have become popular. Due to the growing application of this type of laser in brain and neural-related diseases, this review focuses on the mechanisms of laser action. The most important points to consider include the photon absorption by intracellular structures; the effect on the oxidative state of cells; and the effect on the expression of proteins involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, pain, and neuronal growth.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Radiation Biology Research Center (RBRC), Physiology Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), and International Consortium for Personalized Pain Medicine (ICPPM).

Funding

This study was supported by a scientific project grant (NO: 97-3-75-13319) financed by Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS). MRH was supported by US NIH Grants R01AI050875 and R21AI121700.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Ramezani

  2. Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Neshasteh-Riz & Atousa Janzadeh

  3. Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7622, Hungary

    Alireza Ghadaksaz

  4. Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7622, Hungary

    Alireza Ghadaksaz

  5. Occupational Medicine Research Center (OMRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyedalireza Moghadas Fazeli

  6. International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyedalireza Moghadas Fazeli

  7. Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa

    Michael R. Hamblin

Authors
  1. Fatemeh Ramezani
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  2. Ali Neshasteh-Riz
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  3. Alireza Ghadaksaz
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  4. Seyedalireza Moghadas Fazeli
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  5. Atousa Janzadeh
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  6. Michael R. Hamblin
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Atousa Janzadeh or Michael R. Hamblin.

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Ethical approval

This study was approved by ethical code IR.IUMS.REC.1397.1087.

Conflict of interest

MRH was supported by US NIH Grants R01AI050875 and R21AI121700. MRH declares the following potential conflicts of interest. Scientific Advisory Boards: Transdermal Cap Inc., Cleveland, OH; BeWell Global Inc., Wan Chai, Hong Kong; Hologenix Inc. Santa Monica, CA; LumiThera Inc., Poulsbo, WA; Vielight, Toronto, Canada; Bright Photomedicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Quantum Dynamics LLC, Cambridge, MA; Global Photon Inc., Bee Cave, TX; Medical Coherence, Boston MA; NeuroThera, Newark DE; JOOVV Inc., Minneapolis-St. Paul MN; AIRx Medical, Pleasanton CA; FIR Industries, Inc. Ramsey, NJ; UVLRx Therapeutics, Oldsmar, FL; Ultralux UV Inc., Lansing MI; Illumiheal & Petthera, Shoreline, WA; MB Lasertherapy, Houston, TX; ARRC LED, San Clemente, CA; Varuna Biomedical Corp. Incline Village, NV; Niraxx Light Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA. Consulting: Lexington Int., Boca Raton, FL; USHIO Corp., Japan; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany; Philips Electronics Nederland B.V. Eindhoven, Netherlands; Johnson & Johnson Inc., Philadelphia, PA; Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Stockholdings: Global Photon Inc., Bee Cave, TX; Mitonix, Newark, DE.

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Fatemeh Ramezani and Ali Neshasteh-Riz are co-first authors.

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Ramezani, F., Neshasteh-Riz, A., Ghadaksaz, A. et al. Mechanistic aspects of photobiomodulation therapy in the nervous system. Lasers Med Sci 37, 11–18 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03277-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03277-2

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