References
Nakamura S, Mukai T, Senoh M (1991) High-power GaN P-n junction blue-light-emitting diodes. Jpn J Appl Physics 30:1998–2001
Wu CY, Wu TF, Tsai JR, Chen YM, Chen CC (2010) Multistring LED backlight driving system for LCD panels with color sequential display and area control. IEEE T Ind Electron 55:3791–3800
Hirayama H, Noguchi N, Yatabe T, Kamata N (2008) 227 nm AlGaN light-emitting diode with 0.15 mW output power realized using a thin quantum well and AlN buffer with reduced threading dislocation density. Appl Phys Express 1:1051101–1051103
Song K, Mohseni M, Taghipour F (2016) Application of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) for water disinfection: a review. Water Res 94:341–349
Coulter MA (2016) Minamata Convention on Mercury. Int Leg Mate 55:582–616
The Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Seventeenth Edition, 2016 103.109.110
Thomas P, Sekhar AC, Mujawar MM (2012) Nonrecovery of varying proportions of viable bacteria during spread plating governed by the extent of spreader usage and proposal for an alternate spotting-spreading approach to maximize the CFU. J Appl Microbiol 113:339–350
Okamoto T, Nishikawa J, Yanai H, Nakamura H, Takeuchi H, Kurai S, Akada JK, Sakaida I (2013) In vitro bactericidal effects of near-ultraviolet light from light-emitting diodes on Helicobacter pylori. Scand J Gastroenterol 48:1484–1486
Mandel M, Marmur J (1968) Use of ultraviolet absorbance-temperature profile for determining the guanine plus cytosine content of DNA. Method Enzymol 12:195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(67)12133-2
Sinha RP, Häder DP (2002) UV-induced DNA damage and repair: a review. Photochem Photobiol Sci 1:225–236
Kim DK, Kim SJ, Kang DH (2017) Bactericidal effect of 266 to 279 nm wavelength UVC-LEDs for inactivation of Gram positive and Gram negative foodborne pathogenic bacteria and yeasts. Food Res Int 97:280–287
Setlow P (2014) Spore resistance properties. The bacterial spore: from molecules to systems. https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555819323
Oguma K, Rattanakul S, Masaike M (2019) Inactivation of health-related microorganisms in water using UV light-emitting diodes. Water Supply 19(5):1507–1514
Umar M, Roddick F, Fan L (2019) Moving from the traditional paradigm of pathogen inactivation to controlling antibiotic resistance in water - role of ultraviolet irradiation. Sci Total Environ 662:923–939
Funding
This research was supported by AMED under Grant Number JP19lm0203008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization, Jun Nishikawa and Masashi Yanagihara; methodology, Tatsuya Takagi, Soichiro Fukuda, Naoto Kubota, Masashi Yanagihara, Yuki Kobayashi, Ken-ichiro Otsuyama, Junzo Nojima, Hidehiro Tsuneoka, Kohei Sakai, Kenji Sakurai, and Kazuki Itatani; supervision, Yutaka Suehiro, Takahiro Yamasaki, and Isao Sakaida; final approval of manuscript, all authors.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Takagi, T., Nishikawa, J., Yanagihara, M. et al. Microbicidal effect of deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode irradiation. Lasers Med Sci 36, 927–931 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03143-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03143-7