Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy all over the world, along with high morbidity and mortality. As a treatment, high-fluence low-power laser irradiation (HF-LPLI) has reported that its biostimulatory activity can suppress or even destruct tumor growth in neoplastic diseases. The aim of the present study is to examine a therapeutic capacity of HF-LPLI for colorectal cancer treatment by using human colon cancer cell (HT29) model. The in vitro cancer cell model was used to analyze the underlying mechanism of laser-induced apoptosis. Laser irradiation was performed five times (once a day for five consecutive days) with 635 nm laser light for 8 and 16 min (fluence = 128 and 256 J/cm2), respectively. The efficiency of the HF-LPLI treatment was evaluated by MTT, fluorescence staining, cell wound healing, and western blot test during the 5-day period. Experiment data showed that HF-LPLI had a dose-dependent stimulating effect on cell viability, migration, and apoptosis of HT29 cells. The inhibition effect of laser treatment at 256 J/cm2 on cell viability was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the wound healing and western blot tests also confirmed that HF-LPLI could inhibit cell migration and induce cell apoptosis. The current research results demonstrate that 635 nm HF-LPLI can be an alternative treatment option for colorectal cancer by increasing the expression of caspase-3 and inducing HT29 tumor cell apoptosis through activation of the mitochondrial pathway.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lemoine L, Sugarbaker P, Kurt VDS (2016) Pathophysiology of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis: role of the peritoneum. World J Gastroenterol [J] 22(34):7692–7707
Arjona-Sánchez A, Muñoz-Casares FC, Casado-Adam A et al (2014) Peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin treated by cytoreduction and HIPEC: an overview [J]. World J Gastrointest Oncol 6(10):407
Bosman FT (2014) Chapter Chapter 5.5: Colorectal cancer. In: Stewart BW, Wild CP (eds) World cancer report. The International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, pp 392–402 ISBN 978-92-832-0443-5
Grady WM (2003) Genetic testing for high-risk colon cancer patients [J]. Gastroenterology 124(6):1574–1594
De Freitas LF, Hamblin MR (2016) Proposed mechanisms of photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy [J]. IEEE J Sel Topics Quantum Electron 22(3):1–17
Chung H, Dai T, Sharma SK et al (2012) The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy [J]. Ann Biomed Eng 40(2):516–533
Caruso-Davis MK, Guillot TS, Podichetty VK et al (2011) Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for body contouring and spot fat reduction [J]. Obes Surg 21(6):722–729
Lubart R, Wollman Y, Friedmann H, Rochkind S, Lanlicht Y (1992) Effects of visible and near-infrared lasers on cell cultures. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 12:305–310
Karu T (2010) Mitochondrial mechanisms of photobiomodulation in context of new data about multiple roles of ATP. Photomed Laser Surg 28:159–160
Lanzafame RJ (2011) Photobiomodulation and cancer and other musings. Photomed Laser Surg 29:3–4
Santana Blank L, Rodríguez-Santana E, Santana-Rodríguez KE (2012) Concurrence of emerging developments in photobiomodulation and cancer. Photomed Laser Surg 30:1–2
Santana-Blank LA, Rodríguez-Santana E, Vargas F, Reyes H, Fernández-Andrade P, Rukos S et al (2002) Phase I trial of an infrared pulsed laser device in patients with advanced neoplasias. Clin Cancer Res 8:3082–3091
Tata DB, Waynant RW (2011) Laser therapy: a review of its mechanism of action and potential medical applications. Laser Photonics Rev 5:1–12
Tata DB, Fahey M, Mitra K, Anders J, Waynant RW (2007) Near-IR induced suppression of metabolic activity in aggressive cancers. Proc SPIE 6428:64280E
Tata DB, Waynant RW (2008) Laser light induced modulations in metabolic activities in human brain cancer. Proc SPIE 6846:684607
Tanaka Y, Tatewaki N, Nishida H, Eitsuka T, Ikekawa N, Nakayama J (2012) Non-thermal DNA damage of cancer cells using near-infrared irradiation. Cancer Sci 103:1467–1473
Tanaka Y, Matsuo K, Yuzuriha S, Yan H, Nakayama J (2010) Non-thermal cytocidal effect of infrared irradiation on cultured cancer cells using specialized device. Cancer Sci 101:1396–1402
Wang F, Chen TS, Xing D, Wang JJ, Wu YX (2005) Measuring dynamics of caspase-3 activity in living cells using FRET technique during apoptosis induced by high fluence low-power laser irradiation. Lasers Surg Med 36:2–7
Chu J, Wu S, Xing D (2010) Survivin mediates self-protection through ROS/cdc25c/CDK1 signaling pathway during tumor cell apoptosis induced by high fluence low-power laser irradiation [J]. Cancer Lett 297(2):0–219
Tian Y, Lee Y, Kim H et al (2019) In vitro anti-tumor effect of low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) on gastroenterological carcinoma cells [J]. Lasers Med Sci 35(3):677–685
Liang WZ, Liu PF, Fu E et al (2015) Selective cytotoxic effects of low-power laser irradiation on human oral cancer cells [J]. Lasers Surg Med 47(9):756–764
Cornelissen M, Philippé J, Sitter SD et al (2002) Annexin V expression in apoptotic peripheral blood lymphocytes: an electron microscopic evaluation [J]. Apoptosis 7(1):41–47
Rieger AM, Nelso KL, Konowalchuk JD, Barreda DR Modified annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis assay for accurate assessment of cell death [J]. Vis Exp 24(50):e2597
Tsai SR, Hamblin MR (2017) Biological effects and medical applications of infrared radiation [J]. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 170:197–207
Sperandio FF, Simões A, Corrêa L et al (2014) Low-level laser irradiation promotes the proliferation and maturation of keratinocytes during epithelial wound repair [J]. J Biophotonics 9999(9999):n/a–n/a
Hode L (2016) Low-level laser therapy may have Cancer fighting role [J]. Photomed Laser Surg 34(6):221–222
Sperandio FF, Giudice FS, Corrêa L et al (2013) Low-level laser therapy can produce increased aggressiveness of dysplastic and oral cancer cell lines by modulation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway [J]. J Biophotonics 6(10):n/a–n/a
Bamps M, Dok R, Nuyts S (2018) Low-level laser therapy stimulates proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells [J]. Front Oncol 8:343
Kara C, Selamet H, Gökmenoğlu C et al (2017) Low level laser therapy induces increased viability and proliferation in isolated cancer cells [J]. Cell Prolif 51(2):e12417
Hamblin MR, Nelson ST, Strahan JR (2018) Photobiomodulation and cancer: what is the truth? [J]. Photomed Laser Surg 36(5):241–245
Mikhailov VA, Denisov IN, Frank GA et al (2000) Results of treatment of patients with second-to third-stage breast cancer by combination of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and surgery: ten-year experience [C]//Laser Florence’99: A Window on the Laser Medicine World. Int Soc Opt Photon 4166:40–42
Myakishev-Rempel M, Stadler I, Brondon P et al (2012) A preliminary study of the safety of red light phototherapy of tissues harboring cancer [J]. Photomed Laser Surg 30(9):551–558
Santana-Blank LA, Castes M, Rojas ME et al (1992) Evaluation of serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and CD4, CD8 and natural killer (NK) populations during infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD) treatment [J]. Clin Ex Immunol 90(1):43–48
Santana-Blank LA, Rodríguez-Santana E, Vargas F et al (2002) Photo-induced cytomorphologic changes in an advanced cancer phase I clinical trial [J]. Lasers Surg Med 30(1):18–25
Haraldsdottir KH, Ingvar C, Stenram U et al (2015) Long-term follow-up after interstitial laser thermotherapy of breast cancer [J]. Anticancer Res 35(11):6147–6152
Petrellis MC, Frigo L, Marcos RL et al (2017) Laser photobiomodulation of pro-inflammatory mediators on Walker Tumor 256 induced rats [J]. J Photochem Photobiol B 177:69–75
Shao J, Griffin RJ, Galanzha EI, Kim JW, Koonce N, Webber J, Mustafa T, Biris AS, Nedosekin DA, Zharov VP (2013) Photothermal nanodrugs: potential of TNF-gold nanospheres for cancer theranostics. Sci Rep 3:1293
Fisher JW, Sarkar S, Buchanan CF, Szot CS, Whitney J, Hatcher HC, Torti SV, Rylander CG, Rylander MN (2010) Photothermal response of human and murine cancer cells to multiwalled carbon nanotubes after laser irradiation. Cancer Res 70(23):9855–9864
Burke A, Ding X, Singh R, Kraft RA, Levi-Polyachenko N, Rylander MN, Szot C, Buchanan C, Whitney J, Fisher J, Hatcher HC, D’Agostino R Jr, Kock ND, Ajayan PM, Carroll DL, Akman S, Torti FM, Torti SV (2009) Long-term survival following a single treatment of kidney tumors with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and near-infrared radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(31):12897–12902
Bravo-Cordero JJ, Hodgson L, Condeelis J (2012) Directed cell invasion and migration during metastasis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 24(2):277–283
Entschladen F, Drell TL, Lang K, Joseph J, Zaenker KS (2004) Tumour-cell migration, invasion, and metastasis: navigation by neurotransmitters. Lancet Oncol 5(4):254–258
Funding
This research was supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HI16C1017).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tian, Y., Kim, H. & Kang, H.W. In vitro anti-tumor effect of high-fluence low-power laser light on apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells. Lasers Med Sci 36, 513–520 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03050-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03050-x