Low-level laser irradiation at a high power intensity increased human endothelial cell exosome secretion via Wnt signaling
Abstract
The distinct role of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on endothelial exosome biogenesis remains unclear. We hypothesize that laser irradiation of high dose in human endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to the modulation of exosome biogenesis via Wnt signaling pathway. When human ECs were treated with LLLI at a power density of 80 J/cm2, the survival rate reduced. The potential of irradiated cells to release exosomes was increased significantly by expressing genes CD63, Alix, Rab27a, and b. This occurrence coincided with an enhanced acetylcholine esterase activity, pseudopodia formation, and reduced zeta potential value 24 h post-irradiation. Western blotting showed the induction of LC3 and reduced level of P62, confirming autophagy response. Flow cytometry and electron microscopy analyses revealed the health status of the mitochondrial function indicated by normal ΔΨ activity without any changes in the transcription level of PINK1 and Optineurin. When cells exposed to high power laser irradiation, p-Akt/Akt ratio and in vitro tubulogenesis capacity were blunted. PCR array and bioinformatics analyses showed the induction of transcription factors promoting Wnt signaling pathways and GTPase activity. Thus, LLLI at high power intensity increased exosome biogenesis by the induction of autophagy and Wnt signaling. LLLI at high power intensity increases exosome biogenesis by engaging the transcription factors related to Wnt signaling and autophagy stimulate.
Keywords
Human endothelial cells Low-level laser irradiation Exosome biogenesis Angiogenesis Wnt signaling pathwayNotes
Acknowledgments
Authors are immensely grateful to the personnel of Stem Cell Research Center for guidance and help.
Funding source
This study was supported by a grant from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical approval
All phase of in vitro assays in the current experiment was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences.
Supplementary material
References
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