Our perspective of the treatment of naevus of Ota with 1,064-, 755- and 532-nm wavelength lasers

Abstract

Naevus of Ota (NO) is a disfiguring pigmentary disorder affecting the face. Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (QS Nd:YAG)-1,064 nm is a standard laser treatment because it causes highly selective destruction of melanin within the aberrant dermal melanocytes. However, not all lesions respond. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy/safety of QS Nd:YAG-1,064 nm and the shorter wavelength QS Alexandrite-755 nm and QS Nd:YAG-532 nm lasers in treating NO. Data were evaluated from 21 patients treated in our laser centre from 2004 to 2012. Lesional skin was irradiated with QS-532 nm/QS-755 nm/QS-1,064 nm, with settings titrated according to responses. All received initial test patches to direct initial wavelength choice, with subsequent treatments at 3-monthly intervals until clearance/lack of further response. Laser modality was switched following repeated test patches if there was no or no sustained improvement. Two thirds of patients had ≥90 % improvement compared to baseline photographs. In 20 % of patients, QS-1,064 nm was most efficacious with 97 % mean improvement. The mean improvement was 80 % for those in whom QS-755 nm was superior, and 90 % for QS-532 nm. Median number of overall laser treatments was 8 (range 4–13). Number of treatments required varied significantly according to lesional colour and site: grey lesions and those on the forehead/temple were most resistant. We confirm successful treatment of NO with QS Nd:YAG-1,064 nm and the shorter wavelength QS-755 nm/QS-532 nm lasers without serious or irreversible side effects. We recommend judicious test patch analysis before treatment and a modality switch if complete clearance is not obtained