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Encrustation of urologic double pigtail catheters—an ex vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) study

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Abstract

This study aims to evaluate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) using both the surface and the endoluminal technique is feasible to investigate the locations and degree of encrustation process in clinically used ureteral stents. After removal from patients, 14 polyurethane JJ stents were investigated. A fresh JJ served as a control. The external surfaces were examined using an endoscopic surface OCT whereas the intraluminal surfaces were investigated by an endoluminal radial OCT device. The focus was on detection of encrustation or crystalline sedimentation. In 12 female and two male patients, the median indwelling time of the ureteral catheter was 100 days (range, 19–217). Using the endoluminal OCT, the size and grade of intraluminal encrustation could be expressed as a percentage relating to the open lumen of the reference stent. The maximum encrustation observed resulted in a remaining unrestricted lumen of 15–35 % compared to the reference. The luminal reduction caused by encrustation was significantly higher at the proximal end of the ureteral stent as compared to its distal part. The extraluminal OCT investigations facilitated the characterization of extraluminal encrustation. OCT techniques were feasible and facilitated the detection of encrustation of double pigtail catheters on both the extra and intra luminal surface. Quantitative expression of the degree of intraluminal encrustation could be achieved, with the most dense and thickened occurrence of intraluminal incrustation in the upper curl of the JJ stent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, University Hospital Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Markus J. Bader, Katja Zilinberg, Patrick Weidlich, Raphaela Waidelich, Christian Gratzke & Christian G. Stief

  2. Laser Research Laboratories/LIFE Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany

    Markus J. Bader, Michaela Püls, Herbert Stepp & Ronald Sroka

Authors
  1. Markus J. Bader
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  2. Katja Zilinberg
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  3. Patrick Weidlich
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  4. Raphaela Waidelich
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  5. Michaela Püls
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  6. Christian Gratzke
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  7. Christian G. Stief
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  8. Herbert Stepp
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  9. Ronald Sroka
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Correspondence to Markus J. Bader.

Additional information

Markus J. Bader and Katja Zilinberg contributed equally to this paper.

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Bader, M.J., Zilinberg, K., Weidlich, P. et al. Encrustation of urologic double pigtail catheters—an ex vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) study. Lasers Med Sci 28, 919–924 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1177-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1177-1

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