Abstract
Computational and statistical tools help manage the prevailing challenges of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by providing meticulous understanding of contemporary issues. However, complex challenges are difficult to handle with conventional techniques, resulting to the need for more advanced methods. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are often used as an advanced approach in modelling complex behaviour of systems. Evaluating the current utilization of ANNs helps researchers gauge their applicability to SDG-related issues. The gaps among the studied SDGs need to be addressed through a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art literature. Hence, this work reviews published journal articles on the application of ANNs in resolving issues of the SDGs. This review identifies the current trends and limitations of ANN for SDG, and discusses its prominent applications and field of utilization. Descriptive and content analysis of journal articles is performed for this review. Journal articles from the Scopus database reveal Clean Water and Sanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, Sustainable Cities and Communities, and Responsible Consumption and Production are the most popular subject matter for modelling and forecasting. New innovative functions include feature selection, kriging, and simulation. The main contribution of this work is a comprehensive mapping of the current state of this area of research. This work aims to aid future researchers to recognize further possible uses of ANNs with respect to the SDGs.
Graphic abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamowski J, Chan HF (2011) A wavelet neural network conjunction model for groundwater level forecasting. J Hydrol 407:28–40
Adamowski J, Fung Chan H, Prasher SO et al (2012) Comparison of multiple linear and nonlinear regression, autoregressive integrated moving average, artificial neural network, and wavelet artificial neural network methods for urban water demand forecasting in Montreal, Canada. Water Resour Res 48:1–14
Adgaba N, Alghamdi A, Sammoud R, Shenkute A, Tadesse Y, Ansari MJ, Sharma D, Hepburn C (2017) Determining spatio-temporal distribution of bee forage species of Al-Baha region based on ground inventorying supported with GIS applications and Remote Sensed Satellite Image analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci 24:1038–1044
Aiken VCF, Dórea JRR, Acedo JS, de Sousa FG, Dias FG, Rosa GJDM (2019) Record linkage for farm-level data analytics: comparison of deterministic, stochastic and machine learning methods. Comput Electron Agric 163:104857
Akyüz İ, Özşahin Ş, Tiryaki S, Aydın A (2017) An application of artificial neural networks for modeling formaldehyde emission based on process parameters in particleboard manufacturing process. Clean Technol Environ Policy 19:1449–1458
Ali M, Deo RC, Downs NJ, Maraseni T (2018) Multi-stage committee based extreme learning machine model incorporating the influence of climate parameters and seasonality on drought forecasting. Comput Electron Agric 152:149–165
Androjić I, Marović I, Kaluđer J, Kaluđer G (2019) Achieving sustainability through the temperature prediction of aggregate stockpiles. J Clean Prod 219:451–460
Araújo JPC, Palha CAO, Martins FF, Silva HMRD, Oliviera JRM (2019) Estimation of energy consumption on the tire-pavement interaction for asphalt mixtures with different surface properties using data mining techniques. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 67:421–432
Aronica S, Fontana I, Giacalone G, Lo Bosco G, Rizzo R, Mazzola S, Basilone G, Ferreri R, Genovese S, Barra M, Bonanno A (2019) Identifying small pelagic Mediterranean fish schools from acoustic and environmental data using optimized artificial neural networks. Ecol Inform 50:149–161
Asadi E, Da Silva MG, Antunes CH, Dias L, Glicksman L (2014) Multi-objective optimization for building retrofit: a model using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network and an application. Energy Build 81:444–456
Atoyebi OD, Awolusi TF, Davies IEE (2018) Artificial neural network evaluation of cement-bonded particle board produced from red iron wood (Lophira alata) sawdust and palm kernel shell residues. Case Stud Constr Mater 9:e00185
Avinash A, Murugesan A (2018) Prediction capabilities of mathematical models in producing a renewable fuel from waste cooking oil for sustainable energy and clean environment. Fuel 216:322–329
Bafitlhile TM, Li Z, Li Q (2018) Comparison of Levenberg Marquardt and conjugate gradient descent optimization methods for simulation of streamflow using artificial neural network. Adv Ecol and Environ Res 3(11):217–237
Bandyopadhyay S (2017) Renewable targets for India. Clean Technol Environ Policy 19:293–294
Bradford E, Schweidtmann AM, Zhang D, Jing K, del Rio-Chanona EA (2018) Dynamic modeling and optimization of sustainable algal production with uncertainty using multivariate Gaussian processes. Comput Chem Eng 118:143–158
Brandenburg M, Govindan K, Sarkis J, Seuring S (2014) Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: developments and directions. Eur J Oper Res 233:299–312
Broomhead DS, Lowe D (1988) Radial basis functions, multi-variable functional interpolation and adaptive networks (No. RSRE-MEMO-4148). R Signals and Radar Establishment
Brundtland G (1987) Report of the world commission on environment and development: our common future. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Catalano M, Galatioto F, Bell M, Namdeo A, Bergantino AS (2016) Improving the prediction of air pollution peak episodes generated by urban transport networks. Environ Sci Policy 60:69–83
Chapman R, Cook S, Donough C, Lim YL, Vun Vui Ho P, Lo KW, Oberthür T (2018) Using Bayesian networks to predict future yield functions with data from commercial oil palm plantations: a proof of concept analysis. Comput Electron Agric 151:338–348
Chattopadhyay PB, Rangarajan R (2014) Application of ANN in sketching spatial nonlinearity of unconfined aquifer in agricultural basin. Agric Water Manag 133:81–91
Diego-Mas J-A, Poveda-Bautista R, Alcaide-Marzal J (2016) Designing the appearance of environmentally sustainable products. J Clean Prod 135:784–793
Dkhichi F, Oukarfi B (2014) Levenberg–Marquardt and conjugate gradient training algorithms of neural network for parameter determination of solar cell. Int J Innov Appl Stud 9(4):1869
Dutta S, Lanvin B, Wunsch-Vincent S (2019) The Global Innovation Index, 2019. https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/gii-2019-report. Accessed 21 June 2020
Eberhart R, Kennedy J (1995) A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on micro machine and human science, pp 39–43
Elahi E, Weijun C, Jha SK, Zhang H (2019) Estimation of realistic renewable and non-renewable energy use targets for livestock production systems utilising an artificial neural network method: a step towards livestock sustainability. Energy 183:191–204
Elman JL (1990) Finding structure in time. Cogn Sci 14(2):179–211
Estahbanati MRK, Feilizadeh M, Iliuta MC (2017) Photocatalytic valorization of glycerol to hydrogen: optimization of operating parameters by artificial neural network. Appl Catal B 209:483–492
Garg A, Lam JSL (2015) Measurement of environmental aspect of 3-D printing process using soft computing methods. Measur J Int Measur Confed 75:210–217
Geng Z, Shang D, Han Y, Zhong Y (2019) Early warning modeling and analysis based on a deep radial basis function neural network integrating an analytic hierarchy process: a case study for food safety. Food Control 96:329–342
George J, Arun P, Muraleedharan C (2018) Assessment of producer gas composition in air gasification of biomass using artificial neural network model. Int J Hydrogen Energy 43:9558–9568
González M, Alonso-Almeida MM, Avila C, Dominguez D (2015) Modeling sustainability report scoring sequences using an attractor network. Neurocomputing 168:1181–1187
Graves A, Wayne G, Danihelka I (2014) Neural turing machines, pp 1–26. arXiv preprint arXiv:1410.5401
Ha TV, Asada T, Arimura M (2019) Determination of the influence factors on household vehicle ownership patterns in Phnom Penh using statistical and machine learning methods. J Transp Geogr 78:70–86
Holland JH (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor
Hu L, He S, Han Z, Xiao H, Su S, Weng M, Cai Z (2019) Monitoring housing rental prices based on social media: an integrated approach of machine-learning algorithms and hedonic modeling to inform equitable housing policies. Land Use Policy 82:657–673
Huang GB, Zhu QY, Siew CK (2006) Extreme learning machine: Theory and applications. Neurocomputing 70:489–501
Jalilian M, Kargarsharifabad H, Abbasi Godarzi A, Ghofrani A, Sahfii MB (2016) Simulation and optimization of pulsating heat pipe flat-plate solar collectors using neural networks and genetic algorithm: a semi-experimental investigation. Clean Technol Environ Policy 18:2251–2264
Jang JSR (1993) ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 23(3):665–685
Jurado S, Nebot À, Mugica F, Avellana N (2015) Hybrid methodologies for electricity load forecasting: entropy-based feature selection with machine learning and soft computing techniques. Energy 86:276–291
Kasmuri NH, Kamarudin SK, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, Md Som A (2019) Integrated advanced nonlinear neural network-simulink control system for production of bio-methanol from sugar cane bagasse via pyrolysis. Energy 168:261–272
Kennedy M, Dinh VN, Basu B (2016) Analysis of consumer choice for low-carbon technologies by using neural networks. J Clean Prod 112:3402–3412
Kialashaki A, Reisel JR (2014) Development and validation of artificial neural network models of the energy demand in the industrial sector of the United States. Energy 76:749–760
Kohonen T (1982) Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps. Biol Cybern 43(1):59–69
Kosov S, Shirahama K, Li C, Grzegorzek M (2018) Environmental microorganism classification using conditional random fields and deep convolutional neural networks. Pattern Recognit 77:248–261
Koyee RD, Heisel U, Eisseler R, Schmauder S (2015) Modelling and optimization of turning duplex stainless steels. J Manuf Processes 16(4):451–467
Kuo RJ, Wang YC, Tien FC (2010) Integration of artificial neural network and MADA methods for green supplier selection. J Clean Prod 18:1161–1170
Larivière V, Haustein S, Mongeon P (2015) The oligopoly of academic publishers in the digital era. PLoS ONE 10(6):e0127502
LeCun Y, Bottou L, Bengio Y, Haffner P (1998) Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc IEEE 86(11):2278–2324
Li HZ, Guo S, Li CJ, Sun JQ (2013) A hybrid annual power load forecasting model based on generalized regression neural network with fruit fly optimization algorithm. Knowl-Based Syst 37:378–387
Li J, Zhang Y, Du D, Liu Z (2017) Improvements in the decision making for Cleaner Production by data mining: case study of vanadium extraction industry using weak acid leaching process. J Clean Prod 143:582–597
Li LL, Zhang XB, Tseng ML, Zhou YT (2019) Optimal scale Gaussian process regression model in Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor remaining life prediction. Appl Soft Comput J 78:261–273
Lindkvist E, Norberg J (2014) Modeling experiential learning: the challenges posed by threshold dynamics for sustainable renewable resource management. Ecol Econ 104:107–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2014.04.018
Liu L, Lei Y (2018) An accurate ecological footprint analysis and prediction for Beijing based on SVM model. Ecol Inform 44:33–42
López Santos A, Torres González JA, Meraz Jiménez ADJ et al (2019) Assessing the culture of fruit farmers from Calvillo, Aguascalientes, Mexico with an artificial neural network: an approximation of sustainable land management. Environ Sci Policy 92:311–322
Maher I, Sarhan AAD, Barzani MM, Hamdi M (2015) Increasing the productivity of the wire-cut electrical discharge machine associated with sustainable production. J Clean Prod 108:247–255
Maleki H, Sorooshian A, Goudarzi G, Baboli Z, Tahmasebi Birgani Y, Rahmati M (2019) Air pollution prediction by using an artificial neural network model. Clean Technol Environ Policy 21:1341–1352
Marquardt DW (1963) An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. J Soc Ind Appl Math 11(2):431–441
Masud MH, Ananno AA, Arefin AME, Ahamed R, Das P, Joardder MUH (2019) Perspective of biomass energy conversion in Bangladesh. Clean Technol Environ Policy 21:719–731
McCulloch WS, Pitts W (1943) A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bull Math Biophys 5(4):115–133
Melendez-Pastor I, Hernández EI, Navarro-Pedreño J, Gómez I (2014) Socioeconomic factors influencing land cover changes in rural areas: the case of the Sierra de Albarracín (Spain). Appl Geogr 52:34–45
Miotto R, Wang F, Wang S, Jiang X, Dudley JT (2018) Deep learning for healthcare: review, opportunities and challenges. Brief Bioinform 19:1236–1246
Mohandes M, Rehman S, Rahman SM (2011) Estimation of wind speed profile using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Appl Energy 88:4024–4032
Møller MF (1993) A scaled conjugate gradient algorithm for fast supervised learning. Neural Netw 6(4):525–533
Mosavi A, Salimi M, Faizollahzadeh Ardabili S, Rabczuk T, Shamshirband S, Varkonyi-Koczy A (2019) State of the art of machine learning models in energy systems, a systematic review. Energies 12:1301
Mozumder C, Tripathi NK (2014) Geospatial scenario based modelling of urban and agricultural intrusions in Ramsar wetland Deepor Beel in Northeast India using a multi-layer perceptron neural network. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 32:92–104
Mukherjee A, Ramachandran P (2018) Prediction of GWL with the help of GRACE TWS for unevenly spaced time series data in India: analysis of comparative performances of SVR, ANN and LRM. J Hydrol 558:647–658
Nair DJ, Rashidi TH, Dixit VV (2017) Estimating surplus food supply for food rescue and delivery operations. Socioecon Plan Sci 57:73–83
Naji S, Keivani A, Shamshirband S, Alengaram UJ, Jumaat MZ, Mansor Z, Lee M (2016) Estimating building energy consumption using extreme learning machine method. Energy 97:506–516
Nguyen TT, Kawamura A, Tong TN, Amaguchi H, Nakagawa N, Gilbuena R, Bui DD (2015a) Identification of spatio-seasonal hydrogeochemical characteristics of the unconfined groundwater in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Appl Geochem 63:10–21
Nguyen KA, Stewart RA, Zhang H, Jones C (2015b) Intelligent autonomous system for residential water end use classification: autoflow. Appl Soft Comput J 31:118–131
Niestroy I (2016) How are we getting ready? The 2030 agenda for sustainable development in the EU and its member states: analysis and action so far. https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/DP_9.2016.pdf. Accessed 25 May 2020
Ouammi A, Sacile R, Zejli D et al (2010) Sustainability of a wind power plant: application to different Moroccan sites. Energy 35:4226–4236
Palani S, Liong S-Y, Tkalich P (2008) An ANN application for water quality forecasting. Mar Pollut Bull 56:1586–1597
Paliwal M, Kumar UA (2009) Neural networks and statistical techniques: a review of applications. Expert Syst Appl 36:2–17
Park J, Sandberg IW (1991) Universal approximation using radial-basis-function networks. Neural Comput 3(2):246–257
Puyana Romero V, Maffei L, Brambilla G, Ciaburro G (2016) Modelling the soundscape quality of urban waterfronts by artificial neural networks. Appl Acoust 111:121–128
Raut RD, Mangla SK, Narwane VS et al (2019) Linking big data analytics and operational sustainability practices for sustainable business management. J Clean Prod 224:10–24
Reis LP, dos Reis PCM, Mazzei L, Soares CPB, Miquelino Eleto Torres CM, da Silva LF, Ruschel, AR, Rêgo LJS, Leite HG (2018) Estimation of mortality and survival of individual trees after harvesting wood using artificial neural networks in the amazon rain forest. Ecol Eng 112:140–147
Riedmiller M, Braun H (1992) RPROP-A fast adaptive learning algorithm. In: Proceedings of ISCIS VII, Universitat
Rodrigues E, Gomes Á, Gaspar AR, Henggeler Antunes C (2018) Estimation of renewable energy and built environment-related variables using neural networks—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 94:959–988
Rosenblatt F (1958) The perceptron: a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. Psychol Rev 65(6):386
Rumelhart DE, Hinton GE, Williams RJ (1986) Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Nature 323(6088):533–536
Sabzali Yameqani A, Alesheikh AA (2019) Predicting subjective measures of walkability index from objective measures using artificial neural networks. Sustain Cities Soc 48:101560
Safavi HR, Golmohammadi MH, Sandoval-Solis S (2015) Expert knowledge based modeling for integrated water resources planning and management in the Zayandehrud River Basin. J Hydrol 528:773–789
Sanikhani H, Deo RC, Yaseen ZM et al (2018) Non-tuned data intelligent model for soil temperature estimation: a new approach. Geoderma 330:52–64
Savic DA, Walters GA, Davidson JW (1999) A genetic programming approach to rainfall-runoff modelling. Water Resour Manag 13:219–231
Saviozzi M, Massucco S, Silvestro F (2019) Implementation of advanced functionalities for distribution management systems: load forecasting and modeling through artificial neural networks ensembles. Electr Power Syst Res 167:230–239
Sewsynker-Sukai Y, Faloye F, Kana EBG (2017) Artificial neural networks: an efficient tool for modelling and optimization of biofuel production (a mini review). Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 31:221–235
Shaharum NSN, Shafri HZM, Gambo J, Abidin FAZ (2018) Mapping of Krau Wildlife Reserve (KWR) protected area using Landsat 8 and supervised classification algorithms. Remote Sens Appl Soc Environ 10:24–35
Sharif SA, Hammad A (2019) Developing surrogate ANN for selecting near-optimal building energy renovation methods considering energy consumption, LCC and LCA. J Build Eng 25:100790
Simić VM, Simić SB, Stojković Piperac M et al (2014) Commercial fish species of inland waters: a model for sustainability assessment and management. Sci Total Environ 497–498:642–650
Sirsat MS, Cernadas E, Fernández-Delgado M, Barro S (2018) Automatic prediction of village-wise soil fertility for several nutrients in India using a wide range of regression methods. Comput Electron Agric 154:120–133
Song YQ, Zhu AX, Sen Cui X et al (2019) Spatial variability of selected metals using auxiliary variables in agricultural soils. CATENA 174:499–513
Suganthi L, Samuel AA (2012) Energy models for demand forecasting—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16:1223–1240
Taslimi Renani E, Elias MFM, Rahim NA (2016) Using data-driven approach for wind power prediction: a comparative study. Energy Convers Manag 118:193–203
Tien Bui D, Pradhan B, Nampak H, Bui QT, Tran QA, Nguyen QP (2016) Hybrid artificial intelligence approach based on neural fuzzy inference model and metaheuristic optimization for flood susceptibilitgy modeling in a high-frequency tropical cyclone area using GIS. J Hydrol 540:317–330
Tufaner F, Demirci Y (2020) Prediction of biogas production rate from anaerobic hybrid reactor by artificial neural network and nonlinear regressions models. Clean Technol Environ Policy 22:713–724
Tufaner F, Avşar Y, Gönüllü MT (2017) Modeling of biogas production from cattle manure with co-digestion of different organic wastes using an artificial neural network. Clean Technol Environ Policy 19:2255–2264
Tufaner F, Dabanli İ, Özbeyaz A (2019) Kuraklığın Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Analizi: Adıyaman Örneği [Analysis of Drought with Artificial Neural Networks: Adıyaman Example]. İklim Değişikliği ve Çevre 4:25–32
Tunckaya Y, Koklukaya E (2015) Comparative analysis and prediction study for effluent gas emissions in a coal-fired thermal power plant using artificial intelligence and statistical tools. J Energy Inst 88:118–125
UNCED (1992) Agenda 21. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf. Accessed 3 March 2020
United Nations (2000) United Nations millennium declaration. United Nations. https://undocs.org/A/RES/55/2. Accessed 3 March 2020
United Nations (2015) Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21252030%20Agenda%20for%20Sustainable%20Development%20web.pdf. Accessed 3 March 2020
United Nations (2019) The sustainable development goals report 2019. United Nations Statistics Division. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2019/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2019.pdf. Accessed 3 March 2020
Ushada M, Okayama T, Murase H (2015) Development of kansei engineering-based watchdog model to assess worker capacity in Indonesian small-medium food industry. Eng Agric Environ Food 8(4):241–250
Wang J, Chen Y, Shao X, Zhang Y, Cao Y (2012) Land-use changes and policy dimension driving forces in China: present, trend and future. Land Use Policy 29:737–749
Wang L, Pijanowski B, Yang W et al (2018) Predicting multiple land use transitions under rapid urbanization and implications for land management and urban planning: the case of Zhanggong District in central China. Habitat Int 82:48–61
Wang C, Ghadimi P, Lim MK, Tseng M-L (2019) A literature review of sustainable consumption and production: a comparative analysis in developed and developing economies. J Clean Prod 206:741–754
Wei Y, Zhang X, Shi Y et al (2018a) A review of data-driven approaches for prediction and classification of building energy consumption. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 82:1027–1047
Wei Y, Wang Z, Wang H et al (2018b) Promoting inclusive water governance and forecasting the structure of water consumption based on compositional data: a case study of Beijing. Sci Total Environ 634:407–416
Wilamowski B (2009) Neural network architectures and learning algorithms. IEEE Ind Electron Mag 3:56–63
World Population Review (2019) Total population by country 2019. http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/. Accessed 3 March 2020
Wurm M, Stark T, Zhu XX et al (2019) Semantic segmentation of slums in satellite images using transfer learning on fully convolutional neural networks. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 150:59–69
Xu S, Yu Z, Ji X, Sudicky EA (2017) Comparing three models to estimate transpiration of desert shrubs. J Hydrol 550:603–615
Yaseen ZM, Jaafar O, Deo RC, Kisi O, Adamowski J, Quilty J, El-Shafie A (2016) Stream-flow forecasting using extreme learning machines: a case study in a semi-arid region in Iraq. J Hydrol 542:603–614
Yazdi J, Salehi Neyshabouri SAA (2014) Identifying low impact development strategies for flood mitigation using a fuzzy-probabilistic approach. Environ Model Softw 60:31–44
Younes MK, Nopiah ZM, Basri NEA, Abushammala MFM, Younes MY (2016) Landfill area estimation based on integrated waste disposal options and solid waste forecasting using modified ANFIS model. Waste Manag 55:3–11
Zeiler MD, Krishnan D, Taylor GW, Fergus R (2010) Deconvolutional networks. In: 2010 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. IEEE, pp 2528–2535
Zhang J, Ji M, Zhang Y (2015) Tourism sustainability in Tibet—forward planning using a systems approach. Ecol Indic 56:218–228
Zheng Y-J, Chen S-Y, Lin Y, Wang W-L (2013) Bio-inspired optimization of sustainable energy systems: a review. Math Probl Eng 2013:1–12
Zheng J, Wang W, Cao X et al (2018) Responses of phosphorus use efficiency to human interference and climate change in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: historical simulation and future projections. J Clean Prod 201:403–415
Zhou C-C, Yin G-F, Hu X-B (2009) Multi-objective optimization of material selection for sustainable products: Artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm approach. Mater Des 30:1209–1215
Zhou Q, Wang C, Zhang G (2019) Hybrid forecasting system based on an optimal model selection strategy for different wind speed forecasting problems. Appl Energy 250:1559–1580
Acknowledgements
The first author acknowledges the support of the Office of the Chancellor of De La Salle University via the Competitiveness Fund for the travel grant to Asia University.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors have no conflict of interest in any of the organizations mentioned in the study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gue, I.H.V., Ubando, A.T., Tseng, ML. et al. Artificial neural networks for sustainable development: a critical review. Clean Techn Environ Policy 22, 1449–1465 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01883-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01883-2