Abstract
Coffee is one of the most significant beverages consumed worldwide, dating to times immemorial. It plays a pivotal role in several economies owing to its second position in the list of trading commodity, after petroleum. The growing demand for coffee has resulted in a great amount of coffee production and processing and subsequent release of large volumes of wastewater. This wastewater is characterized to have very high chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand with potential to cause environmental pollution thus requiring smart strategies to effectively reduce their load of the wastewater before releasing them into the habitable ambiance. The existing research on coffee wastewater treatment should be critically analyzed for their sustainability and economic viability for them to be commercially used in developing countries for effluent mitigation. This literature review aims to suggest an effective way to treat the wastewater by combining various methods, coupling it with value addition like energy generation. The goal of this review is to provide a direction for future research to integrated treatment with valorization along with a focus on emerging technologies.
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Abbreviations
- Q m :
-
Quantity of CH4 produced per unit time
- STe, STo :
-
Total COD of outgoing treated effluent and incoming untreated effluent, respectively
- Q :
-
Amount of effluent
- M :
-
Volume of methane produced
- E :
-
Efficiency of conversion
- ICO:
-
International Coffee Organization
- COD:
-
Chemical oxygen demand
- BOD:
-
Biological oxygen demand
- TDS:
-
Total dissolved solids
- TSS:
-
Total suspended solids
- UASB:
-
Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket
- UV:
-
Ultraviolet
- EAOP:
-
Electrochemical advanced oxidation process
- HRT:
-
Hydraulic retention time
- OLR:
-
Organic loading rate
- CSTR:
-
Complete stirred tank reactor
- VSS:
-
Volatile suspended solids
- MFC:
-
Microbial fuel cell
- NF:
-
Nano-filtration
- RO:
-
Reverse osmosis
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The authors are indebted to the National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, India, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, USA for support during the project.
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Sengupta, B., Priyadarshinee, R., Roy, A. et al. Toward sustainable and eco-friendly production of coffee: abatement of wastewater and evaluation of its potential valorization. Clean Techn Environ Policy 22, 995–1014 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01841-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01841-y