Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to develop a small-scale horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) suitable for the local wind conditions of Tainan, Taiwan. The wind energy potential was first determined through the Weibull wind speed distribution and then was adapted to the design of the turbine blade. Two numerical approaches were adopted in the design and analysis of the HAWT turbine blades. The blade element momentum theory (BEMT) was used to lay out the shape of the turbine blades (S822 and S823 airfoils). The geometry of the root region of the turbine blade was then modified to facilitate integration with a pitch control system. A mathematical model for the prediction of aerodynamic performance of the S822 and S823 airfoils, in which the lift and drag coefficients are calculated using BEMT equations, was then developed. Finally, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to examine the aerodynamic characteristics of the resulting turbine blades. The resulting aerodynamic performance curves obtained from CFD simulation are in agreement with those obtained using BEMT. It is also observed that separation flow occurred at the turbine blade root at the tip speed ratios of 5 and 7.
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Abbreviations
- a :
-
Axial induction factor
- a′ :
-
Angular induction factor
- CP:
-
Power coefficient
- c(r):
-
Chord length (m)
- C T :
-
Thrust coefficient
- C l :
-
Lift coefficient
- C l,s :
-
Lift coefficient at stall angle of attack
- C l,max :
-
Lift coefficient associated with maximum lift–drag ratio
- C d :
-
Drag coefficient
- C d,s :
-
Drag coefficient at stall angle of attack
- C d,max :
-
Drag coefficient depending on aspect ratio
- C l,3D :
-
Lift coefficient with 3D effect
- C d,3D :
-
Drag coefficient with 3D effect
- F :
-
Tip loss factor
- F T :
-
Thrust (n)
- N b :
-
Number of blades
- P m :
-
Mechanical power (W)
- P r :
-
Rated power (W)
- r :
-
Local radius of blade
- R :
-
Radius of blade (m)
- R root :
-
Radius of blade at root (m)
- T m :
-
Mechanical torque (n m)
- V :
-
Wind speed (m/s)
- V r :
-
Rated wind speed (m/s)
- ∆C l :
-
Lift coefficient prior to flow separation
- ∆C d :
-
Drag coefficient prior to flow separation
- λ :
-
Tip speed ratio
- λ d :
-
Design tip speed ratio
- φ :
-
Angle of relative wind (°)
- ρ :
-
Air density (kg/m3)
- σ :
-
Local solidity
- ω :
-
Rotational speed (rpm)
- θ p :
-
Pitch angle (°)
- α :
-
Angle of attack (°)
- α d :
-
Designed angle of attack (°)
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, through Grant NSC 102-2221-E-006-084-MY3.
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Bai, CJ., Chen, PW. & Wang, WC. Aerodynamic design and analysis of a 10 kW horizontal-axis wind turbine for Tainan, Taiwan. Clean Techn Environ Policy 18, 1151–1166 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1109-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1109-z