Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Removal of lead (II) and nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from rapeseed oil cake by Na2CO3 activation

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, rapeseed oil cake as a precursor was used to prepare activated carbons by chemical activation with sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at 600 and 800 °C. The activated carbon with the highest surface area of 850 m2 g−1 was produced at 800 °C. The prepared activated carbons were mainly microporous. The activated carbon having the highest surface area was used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead (II) and nickel (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial ion concentration on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon were investigated. The kinetic data of adsorption process were studied using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order kinetic models and intraparticle diffusion model. The experimental data were well adapted to the pseudo-second-order model for both tested ions. The adsorption data for both ions were well correlated with Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of the activated carbon for the removal of lead (II) and nickel (II) ions were determined as 129.87 and 133.33 mg g−1, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adamson AW (1960) Physical Chemistry of Surface. Interscience Publication, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Addoun A, Dentze J, Ehrburger P (2002) Porosity of carbons obtained by chemical activation: effect of the nature of the alkaline carbonates. Carbon 40(7):1140–1143

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amin MN, Mustafa AI, Khalil MI, Rahman M, Nahid I (2012) Adsorption of phenol onto rice straw biowaste for water purification. Clean Technol Environ Policy 14:837–844

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anoop Krishnan K, Sreejalekshmi KG, Baiju RS (2011) Nickel (II) adsorption onto biomass based activated carbon obtained from sugarcane bagasse pith. Biores Technol 102:10239–10247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacaoui A, Yaacoubi A, Dahbi A, Bennouna C, Phan Tan Luu R, Maldonado-Hodar FJ, Rivera-Utrilla J, Moreno-Castilla C (2001) Optimization of conditions for the preparation of activated carbons from olive-waste cakes. Carbon 39:425–432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basso MC, Cerella EG, Cukierman AL (2002) Activated carbons developed from a rapidly renewable biosource for removal of Cadmium (II) and Nickel (II) Ions from dilute aqueous solution. Ind Eng Chem Res 41:180–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boehm HP (1966) Chemical identification of surface groups. Adv Catal 16:179–274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chouchene A, Jeguirim M, Trouve G (2014) Biosorption performance, combustion behavior, and leaching characteristics of olive solid waste during the removal of copper and nickel from aqueous solutions. Clean Technol Environ Policy 16:979–986

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cimino G, Cappello RM, Caristi C, Toscano G (2005) Characterization of carbons from olive cake by sorption of wastewater pollutants. Chemosphere 61:947–955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dias JM, Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Almeida MF, Rivera-Utrilla J, Sánchez-Polo M (2007) Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: a review. J Environ Manag 85:833–846

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Ashtoukhya ESZ, Amin NK, Abdelwahabb O (2008) Removal of lead (II) and copper (II) from aqueous solution using pomegranate peel as a new adsorbent. Desalination 223:162–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freundlich HMF (1906) Over the adsorption in solution. J Phys Chem 57:385–471

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giraldo-Gutierrez L, Moreno-Pirajan JC (2008) Pb(II) and Cr(VI) adsorption from aqueous solution on activated carbons obtained from sugar cane husk and sawdust. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 81:278–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall KR, Eagleton LC, Acrivos A, Vermeulen T (1966) Pore- and solid-diffusion kinetics in fixed-bed adsorption under constant-pattern conditions. Ind Eng Chem Fundam 5:212–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haroun AA, El-Halawany NR (2011) Preparation and evaluation of novel interpenetrating polymer network-based on newspaper pulp for removal of copper ions. Polym-Plast Technol 50:232–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haroun AA, Mashaly HM, El-Sayed NH (2013) Novel nanocomposites based on gelatin/HPET/chitosan with high performance acid red 150 dye adsorption. Clean Technol Environ Policy 15:367–374

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasar H (2003) Adsorption of nickel (II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from almond husk. J Hazard Mater B97:49–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hebeish A, Ramadan MA, Abdel-Halim E, Abo-Okeil A (2011) An effective adsorbent based on sawdust for removal of direct dye from aqueous solutions. Clean Technol Environ Policy 13:713–718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho YS, McKay G (1998) Kinetic models for the sorption of dye from aqueous solution by wood. Process Saf Environ Prot 76:183–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang L, Sun Y, Yang T, Li L (2011) Adsorption behavior of Ni (II) on lotus stalks derived active carbon by phosphoric acid activation. Desalination 268:12–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Imamoglu M, Tekir O (2008) Removal of copper (II) and lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on activated carbon from a new precursor hazelnut husks. Desalination 228:108–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ioannidou O, Zabaniotou A (2007) Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production—A review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 11:1966–2005

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ismadji S, Sudaryanto Y, Hartono SB, Setiawan LEK, Ayucitra A (2005) Activated carbon from char obtained from vacuum pyrolysis of teak sawdust: pore structure development and characterization. Biores Technol 96:1364–1369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Issabayeva G, Aroua MK, Sulaiman NMN (2006) Removal of lead from aqueous solutions on palm shell activated carbon. Biores Technol 97:2350–2355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadirvelu K, Thamaraiselvi K, Namasivayam C (2001) Adsorption of nickel (II) from aqueous solution onto activated carbon prepared from coirpith. Sep Purif Technol 24:497–505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kadirvelu K, Senthilkumar P, Thamaraiselvi K, Subburam V (2002) Activated carbon prepared from biomass as adsorbent: elimination of Ni(II) from aqueous solution. Bioresour Technol 81:87–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karagoz S, Tay T, Ucar S, Erdem M (2008) Activated carbons from waste biomass by sulfuric acid activation and their use on methylene blue adsorption. Biores Technol 99:6214–6222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kardam A, Raj KR, Srivastava S, Srivastava MM (2014) Nanocellulose fibers for biosorption of cadmium, nickel, and lead ions from aqueous solution. Clean Technol Environ Policy 16:385–393

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kılıç M, Kırbıyık Ç, Çepelioğullar Ö, Pütün AE (2013) Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by bio-char, a by-product of pyrolysis. Appl Surf Sci 283:856–862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lagergren S (1898) Zur theorie der sogenannten adsorption geloster stoffe. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 24(4):1–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Langmuir I (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J Am Chem Soc 40:1361–1403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li K, Wang X (2009) Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) by activated carbon prepared from Spartina alterniflora: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics. Biores Technol 100:2810–2815

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Xu S, Liu S, Yang C, Lu Q (2004) Fast pyrolysis of biomass in free-fall reactor for hydrogen-rich gas. Fuel Process Technol 85:1201–1211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Dai P, Zhang J, Zhang C, Bao N, Cheng C, Ren L (2013) Preparation and evaluation of activated carbons from lotus stalk with trimethyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate activation for lead removal. Chem Eng J 228:425–434

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh H, Rodríguez-Reinoso F (2006) Activation Processes (Chemical) Activated Carbon. Elsevier Ltd, Oxford, pp 322–365

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • McKee DW (1983) Mechanisms of the alkali metal catalyzed gasification of carbon. Fuel 62:170–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menéndez JA, Illán-Gómez MJ, y León CAL, Radovic LR (1995) On the difference between the isoelectric point and the point of zero charge of carbons. Carbon 33:1655–1659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merrikhpour H, Jalali M (2013) Comparative and competitive adsorption of cadmium, copper, nickel, and lead ions by Iranian natural zeolite. Clean Technol Environ Policy 15:303–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nethaji S, Sivasamy A (2014) Removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from walnut shell biomass through alkali impregnation processes. Clean Technol Environ Policy 16:361–368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okman I, Karagöz S, Tay T, Erdem M (2014) Activated carbons from grape seeds by chemical activation with potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide. Appl Surf Sci 293:138–142

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson JW (1985) Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technology, 2nd edn. Butterworth Publishers, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiu Y, Cheng H, Xu C, Sheng GD (2008) Surface characteristics of crop-residue-derived black carbon and lead (II) adsorption. Water Res 42:567–574

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sentorun-Shalaby C, Ucak-Astarlioglu MG, Artok L, Sarici C (2006) Preparation and characterization of activated carbons by one-step steam pyrolysis/activation from apricot stones. Microporous Mesoporous Mat 88:126–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh CK, Sahu JN, Mahalik KK, Mohanty CR, Mohan BR, Meikap BC (2008) Studies on the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood activated with sulphuric acid. J Hazard Mater 153:221–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song X, Liu H, Cheng L, Qu Y (2010) Surface modification of coconut-based activated carbon by liquid-phase oxidation and its effects on lead ion adsorption. Desalination 255:78–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sudaryanto Y, Hartono SB, Irawaty W, Hindarso H, Ismadji S (2006) High surface area activated carbon prepared from cassava peel by chemical activation. Biores Technol 97:734–739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tay T, Ucar S, Karagöz S (2009) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from waste biomass. J Hazard Mater 165:481–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Visa M, Pricop F, Duta A (2011) Sustainable treatment of wastewaters resulted in the textile dyeing industry. Clean Technol Environ Policy 13:855–861

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber WJ, Morris JC (1963) Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution. J Sanit Eng Div 89:31–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Yalçın N, Sevinç V (2000) Studies of the surface area and porosity of activated carbons prepared from rice husks. Carbon 38:1943–1945

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Jin L, Zhu S, Hu H (2012) Preparation of mesoporous activated carbons from coal liquefaction residue for methane decomposition. J Nat Gas Chem 21:759–766

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Dokuz Eylül University, Anadolu University, and Karabük University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Technology Program, Izmir Vocational School, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160, Izmir, Turkey

    Suat Uçar

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey

    Murat Erdem & Turgay Tay

  3. Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Karabük University, 78050, Karabük, Turkey

    Selhan Karagöz

Authors
  1. Suat Uçar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Murat Erdem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Turgay Tay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Selhan Karagöz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suat Uçar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Uçar, S., Erdem, M., Tay, T. et al. Removal of lead (II) and nickel (II) ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from rapeseed oil cake by Na2CO3 activation. Clean Techn Environ Policy 17, 747–756 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0830-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0830-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation