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Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental evaluation of Integration of desalinations with a total site utility system

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Abstract

In different process industries, central site utility can produce steam at different levels. A central site utility can be coupled with a Desalination plant. In this paper, we seek the optimum integration of a central utility and a Desalination plant. Estimation of cogeneration potential prior to the design of a central utility system is important for setting targets for site fuel demand as well as steam, power, and desalinated production. Total site analysis has been applied to better understanding of the integration process. In this regard, the Total site sink/source profiles and site utility grand composite curves have been demonstrated to find best scenario for integration. Also, an accurate targeting procedure has been used. In the next step, the thermodynamic modeling and exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental evaluation have been performed. Moreover, the exergoeconomic optimization has been applied to find optimum desalination system working point while it is integrated with central utility. Exergoenvironmental analysis has been obtained by life cycle assessment. A central utility of process plant is used as a case study to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed procedure to find optimum integrated plant. In addition, the cogeneration targeting method has been applied.

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Abbreviations

A w (m/s atm):

Pure water permeability

A i (m2):

Area of each effect

B i (kg/s):

Brine mass flow rate at each effect

B (kg/s):

Brine mass flow rate

b K (mpts/kg):

Specific pollutant

\( \dot{B}_{\text{F,K}} \) (mpts/s):

Fuel related environmental impact

\( \dot{B}_{\text{P,K}} \) (mpts/s):

Product related environmental impact

C p (kj/kg k):

Specific heat of water

\( C_{{{\text{RO}} \in }} \) (ppm):

Salt concentration of RO input water

D (kg/s):

Flow rate of desalinated water in RO plant

D i (kg/s):

Mass flow rate of desalinated water at each effect

e pump (–):

Exergy eliminated in the pump

e steamin (–):

Exergy of input steam

e brineinput (–):

Exergy of input salt water

e desalinated (–):

Exergy of desalinated water

\( \dot{E}_{\text{F,K}} \) (mpts/kj):

Energy of fuel related environmental impact

\( \dot{E}_{\text{F,K}} \) (mpts/kj):

Energy of product related environmental impact

\( D_{i}^{'} \) (kg/s):

Mass flow rate of desalinated water made in each flash box

F (kg/s):

Mass flow rate of input salt water in each effect

i eff :

Interest rate

k (m/s):

Mass transfer coefficient for salt

L s (kj/kg):

Heating steam latent heat

m stm (kg/s):

.

M f (kg/s):

Sea water mass flow rate

M ev (kg/s):

Evaporator mass flow rate at first effect

M cw (kg/s):

Cooling water mass

M s (kg/s):

Heating steam mass flow rate

N m (–):

Number of moles of salt

P ev (KPa):

Entrained steam pressure

P hs (KPa):

Heating steam pressure

P m (KPa):

Motive steam pressure

Pr (–):

Prantdl number

PW ($):

Present worth

PWF (–):

Present worth factor

Q (kj):

Heat rate of heat exchanger

R, R g [m3 atm/(mol K)]:

Universal gas constant

R BD (–):

Working constant of boiler

S M (kg/kmol):

Salt molar mass

T 4 (°C):

Outlet temperature of desalination site

T b (°C):

Brine temperature at each effect

T f (°C):

Feed water temperature

T cw (°C):

Cooling water temperature

T s (°C):

Steam temperature

T 0 (°C):

Ambient temperature

T i (°C):

Temperature of each effect

\( T_{{{\text{v}}_{\text{i}} }} \) (°C):

Temperature of steam at each effect

\( T_{\text{i}}^{'} \) (°C):

Temperature at each flash box

U e (kw/m2 °C):

Overall heat transfer coefficient at evaporator

U c (kw/m2 °C):

Overall heat transfer coefficient at condenser

W d (kg/s):

Desalinated water flow rate in MSF plant

W s (kg/s):

Steam flow rate in MSF plant

W b (kg/s):

Brine flow rate in MSF plant

W r (kg/s):

Recycled water flow rate in MSF plant

W f (kg/s):

Feed flow rate in MSF plant

\( \varDelta P \) (KPa):

Transmembrane pressure

\( \varDelta P_{\text{s}} \) (KPa):

Shell pressure difference

\( \varDelta P_{\text{t}} \) (KPa):

Tube pressure difference

\( \varDelta T \) (°C):

Temperature difference at each effect

\( \varDelta T_{\text{c}} \) (°C):

Condenser temperature difference

\( \varDelta T_{\text{lm}} \) (°C):

Log-mean temperature difference

\( \varDelta T_{\text{n}} \) (°C):

Net temperature difference

\( \varDelta h_{\text{gen}} \) (kj/kg k):

Generated enthalpy difference

\( \varDelta h_{\text{pre}} \) (kj/kg k):

Blow down water enthalpy difference

Θ (–):

Diffusivity

\( \rho_{\text{b}} \) (kg/m3):

Density of salt

\( \rho_{\text{m}} \) (kg/m3):

Density of solute

\( \lambda_{\text{ave}} \) (kj/kg):

Latent heat at each effect

\( \lambda \) (kj/kg):

Latent heat of steam

\( \alpha \) (°C):

Average boiling point rise in recovery section

Crf (–):

Capital recovery factor

BPEi (°C):

Boiling point elevation

NEAi (°C):

Non-equilibrium allowance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Energy & Process Integration Research Center, Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    H. Janalizadeh & M. Amidpour

  2. Division of Thermal Science & Energy Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran

    M. H. Khoshgoftar Manesh

Authors
  1. H. Janalizadeh
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  2. M. H. Khoshgoftar Manesh
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  3. M. Amidpour
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to M. H. Khoshgoftar Manesh or M. Amidpour.

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Janalizadeh, H., Khoshgoftar Manesh, M.H. & Amidpour, M. Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental evaluation of Integration of desalinations with a total site utility system. Clean Techn Environ Policy 17, 103–117 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0765-0

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