Abstract
This contribution presents results pertaining to the adsorptive removal of reactive azo dye onto a low cost coal-based adsorbent (charfines) and its efficiency in dye colour sorption was compared with activated carbon (F400). Batch sorption studies were performed and the results revealed that charfines demonstrated an ability to adsorb the reactive azo dye. The sorption interaction of reactive dye on to charfines obeys the first order rate equation. The sorption data indicates that the adsorptive removal of the dye from aqueous solution is rather complex involving both boundary layer diffusion and intraparticle diffusion; however, intraparticle diffusion appears to be the rate limiting step. Isothermal data fit well with the rearranged Langmuir adsorption model. Desorption studies further indicated that the charfines facilitated chemisorption in the process of dye sorption while, activated carbon resulted in physisorption interaction. Dye sorption is found to be dependent on the aqueous phase pH and the dye uptake is greater at lower pH.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
APHA (1992) Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, DC
Alexander F, McKay G (1997). Kinetics of the removal of basic dye from effluent using silica. The Chemical Engineer 319, pp.43–247
Ahmed MN, Ram RN (1992) Removal of basic dye from waste-water using silica adsorbent. Env Poll 77:79–86
Barton SS (1987) The adsorption of methylene blue by active carbon. Carbon 25:343–350
Bird CL, Manchester F 1955) The dyeing of acetate rayon with disperse dye -IV. Adsorption Isotherm. J Soc Dyes Colour .71:604–609
Brown D, Anliker R (1988)In: Richardson ML (ed) Risk assesment of chemicals in the environment. Royal Society of Chemistry, London
Chudgar RJ (1985) Azo dyes. In: Kroschwitz JT (ed) Kirk-Othmer encylopedia of chemical technology, 4th edn, vol 3. Wiley, New York, pp821–875
Chung KT, Cerniglia CE (1992). Mutagenicity of azo dyes: structure activity relationship, Mutat Res 77:201–220
Clarke EA, Anliker R (1980) In: Hutzinger O (ed) The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 3A. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Correia VM, Stephenson T, Judd SJ (1994) Characteristics of textile wastewater- a review. Environ Technol 15:917–929
Crank J (1965) The mathematics of diffusion. Clarendon, London
Dave M (1974). Sorption of methylene blue on low cost sorbants. M Tech Thesis, IIT Kanpur
Gupta GS, Prasad G, Pandey KK, Singh VN (1986) Adsorption technique for the treatment of dye house waste water by activated carbon. IAWPC Tech Annual 13, pp83–87
Gupta GS, Prasad G, Singh VN (1988) Removal of colour from waste water by sorption for water reuse. J Environ Sci Health A25(3):205–217
Karthikeyan J, Chaudhari M (1986) Enhancement of mercury (II) sorption from water by coal through chemical pretreatment. Wat Res 20:449–452
Karthikeyan J (1988). Removal of colour from industrial effluents. In: Trivedi RK (ed) Pollution management in industries. Environmental Publication, Karda
Lin SH (1993) Adsorption of disperse dye by various adsorbents. J Chem Biotechnol 58:159–163
McKay G, Otterburn S, Sweeney AG (1981) Surface mass transfer processes during colour removal from effluent using silica. Wat Res 15:327–331
Namasivayam C, Yamuna RT (1992) Removal of Congo Red from aqueous solutions by biogas waste slurry. J Chem Tech Biotechnol 53:153–157
Perineau F, Molinier J, Gaset A (1982) Adsorption of ionic dyes on charred plant materials. J Chem Tech Biotechnol 32:749–758
Shenai VA (1995) Toxicity of dyes and intermediates. Chemical Weekly, XL (30), pp135–149
Stolz A (2001) Basic and applied aspects in the microbial degradation of azo dyes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56:69–80
Venkata Mohan S, Karthikeyan J (1997) Removal of lignin and tannin colour from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated charcoal. Environ Poll 97:183–187
Venkata Mohan S (1997) Removal of textile dye colour from aqueous solution by adsorption onto coal/coal based sorbents. Ph.D. Thesis, S.V.University, Tirupati
Venkata Mohan S, Srimurali M, Sailaja P, Karthikeyan J(1999) A study of acid dye colour removal from aqueous solution using adsorption and coagulation. Environmental Engineering and Policy 1:149–154
Venkata MohanS, Krishna Mohan S, Karthikeyan J (2001). IR, XRD and SEM studies to elucidate the mechanism of azo dye sorption interaction with coal based adsorbents and activated carbon from aqueous phase. J Sci & Ind Res 60:410–415
Venkata Mohan S, Chandrasekhar Rao N, Karthikeyan J (2002a).Adsorption removal of direct azo dye from aqueous phase onto coal based sorbents: a kinetic and mechanistic study. J Hazardous Materials 90(2):189–204
Venkata Mohan S, Chandrasekhar Rao N, Krishna Prasad K (2002b) Treatment of simulated Reactive Yellow 22 (azo) dye effluents using Spirogyra sp. Waste Manag 22:575–582
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Venkata Mohan, S., Karthikeyan, J. Adsorptive removal of reactive azo dye from an aqueous phase onto charfines and activated carbon. Clean Techn Environ Policy 6, 196–200 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-003-0231-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-003-0231-x