Data availability
All relevant data is included in the manuscript.
References
Buonfrate D, Bisanzio D, Giorli G, Odermatt P, Fürst T, Greenaway C et al (2020) The global prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Pathogens 9:468. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060468
World Health Organization (2020) Ending the neglect to attain the sustainable development goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030. WHO. Accessed December 27, 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240010352
Schär F, Trostdorf U, Giardina F, Khieu V, Muth S, Marti H et al (2013) Strongyloides stercoralis: global distribution and risk factors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2288. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002288
Kaminsky RLG, Reyes-García SZ, Zambrano LI (2016) Unsuspected Strongyloides stercoralis infection in hospital patients with comorbidity in need of proper management. BMC Infect Dis 16:98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1424-3
Saugar JM, Merino FJ, Martín-Rabadán P, Fernández-Soto P, Ortega S, Gárate T et al (2015) Application of real-time PCR for the detection of Strongyloides spp. in clinical samples in a reference center in Spain. Acta Trop 142:20–25
Keiser PB, Nutman TB (2004) Strongyloides stercoralis in the immunocompromised population. Clin Microbiol Rev 17:208–217. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.17.1.208-217.2004
Lappan R, Classon C, Kumar S, Singh OP, de Almeida RV, Chakravarty J et al (2019) Metataxonomic analysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut flora in stool samples from visceral leishmaniasis cases and endemic controls in Bihar State India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 13(9):e0007444. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007444
Kolbaum J, Ritter U, Zimara N, Brewig N, Eschbach ML, Breloer M (2011) Efficient control of Leishmania and Strongyloides despite partial suppression of nematode-induced Th2 response in co-infected mice. Parasite Immunol 33(4):226–235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01273.x
O’Neal SE, Guimaraes LH, Machado PR, Alcantara L, Morgan DJ, Passos S et al (2007) Influence of helminth infections on the clinical course of and immune response to Leishmania braziliensis cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Infect Dis 195(1):142–148. https://doi.org/10.1086/509808
Newlove T, Guimaraes LH, Morgan DJ, Alcantara L, Glesby MJ, Carvalho EM et al (2011) Antihelminthic therapy and antimony in cutaneous leishmaniasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients co-infected with helminths and Leishmania braziliensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84(4):551–555. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0423
Buonfrate D, Salas-Coronas J, Muñoz J, Maruri BT, Rodari P, Castelli F et al (2019) Multiple-dose versus single-dose ivermectin for Strongyloides stercoralis infection (Strong Treat 1 to 4): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled superiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis 19:1181–1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30289-0
Henriquez-Camacho C, Gotuzzo E, Echevarria J, Clinton White A, Terashima A, Samalvides F et al (2016) Ivermectin versus albendazole or thiabendazole for Strongyloides stercoralis infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD007745. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007745.pub3
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception, data collection, and writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Informed consent
The patient’s relative has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mewara, A., Gudisa, R., Sharma, N. et al. A fatal case of Strongyloides hyperinfection with obscure risk factors. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 42, 661–663 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-023-04588-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-023-04588-8