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Recurrent community-acquired Clostridium(Clostridioides)difficile infection in Serbianchildren

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Abstract

Information on recurrent Clostridium difficile infections (rCDI) in children is rare and limited, especially community acquired (CA-CDI).This study was designed to identify risk factors for rCA-CDI in Serbian pediatric population. The study group included 71 children (aged from 1 to 14 years) with a first episode of CDI. Data were collected from 56 (78.87%) children with only one episode of CA-CDI and from 15 (21.13%) children with rCA-CDI were mutually compared. The following parameters were found to be statistically significantly more frequent in the children with rCA-CDI group (p < 0.05); leukemia as underlying disease, treatment with immunosuppressive and-or cytostatic drugs, and treatment with antibiotics. Similarly, previously visits to outpatient facilities, daycare hospitals and hospitals were also associated with rCDI. Analysis of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters, revealed a statistically significant association of the severity of the first episode of CDI (determined by an increase in body temperature, higher maximum WBC and higher CRP) with development of a rCDI. Ribotype (RT) 027 was more common in children with rCA-CDI (66.7%, p = 0.006). During the seven-year research period, we found a rate of rCA-CDI rate in children of 21.13%. Our study identified several parameters statistically significantly more frequently in children with rCA-CDI. The obtained results will serve as a basis for future larger studies, but new prospective, studies are necessary to build a prediction model of rCDI in children that can be used to guide the treatment to prevent rCDI.

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Acknowledgements

We thank mrs. Celine Harmanus, technician of the National Reference Laboratory Clostridium difficile Leiden University, The Netherlands, for assistance in designing of ribotyping Clostridium difficile isolates.

Funding

This study was funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia [Projects No. 172061].

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 50, Niš, 18000, Serbia

    Stojanovic Predrag & Stojanović Nikola

  2. National Reference Laboratory for Anaerobic Infections - Clostridium difficile, Center of Microbiology, Institute for Public Health Nis, Niš, 18000, Serbia

    Stojanovic Predrag

  3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Reference Laboratory Clostridium difficile, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Leiden University Medical Center, PO, Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Ed J. Kuijper & Karuna E. W. Vendrik

  4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, Niš, 18000, Serbia

    Radulović Niko

Authors
  1. Stojanovic Predrag
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Correspondence to Stojanovic Predrag.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Was obtained from parents of all participants included in the study.

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Predrag, S., Kuijper, E.J., Nikola, S. et al. Recurrent community-acquired Clostridium(Clostridioides)difficile infection in Serbianchildren. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 39, 509–516 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03751-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03751-4

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