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Role of Mycobacterium avium lysate INF-γ, IL-17, and IL-2 ELISPOT assays in diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacteria lymphadenitis in children

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Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria are the most frequent cause of chronic cervical lymphadenitis in childhood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of IL-2, IL-17, and INF-γ in-house enzyme-linked immunospot assays using a Mycobacterium avium lysate, in order to identify a noninvasive diagnostic method of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection. Children with subacute and chronic lymphadenopathies or with a previous diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteria lymphadenitis were prospectively enrolled in the study. Sixty children with lymphadenitis were included in our study: 16 with confirmed infection (group 1), 30 probable infected (group 2) and 14 uninfected (group 3). Significantly higher median cytokine values were found in group 1 vs group 2, in group 1 vs group 3, and in group 2 vs group 3 considering IL-2-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay (p = 0.015, p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). INF-γ-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay results were significantly higher in group 2 vs group 3 (p = 0.010). Differences between infected and uninfected children were not significant considering IL-17 assays (p = 0.431). Mycobacterium avium lysate IL-2 and INF-γ-based enzyme-linked immunospot assays seem to be promising noninvasive diagnostic techniques for discriminating children with nontuberculous mycobacteria lymphadenitis and noninfected subjects.

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Author notes

  1. Chiara Della Bella and Elisabetta Venturini contributed equally to this work

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy

    Chiara Della Bella, Simona Tapinassi, Alessia Grassi, Marisa Benagiano, Heba F. Mustafa Alnwaisri & Mario M. D’Elios

  2. Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children’s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, I-50139, Florence, Italy

    Elisabetta Venturini, Paola Piccini, Leila Bianchi, Carlotta Montagnani, Elena Chiappini, Maurizio de Martino & Luisa Galli

  3. Vrije University, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Savannah Devente & Wilbert Bitter

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  1. Chiara Della Bella
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Correspondence to Luisa Galli.

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Della Bella, C., Venturini, E., Devente, S. et al. Role of Mycobacterium avium lysate INF-γ, IL-17, and IL-2 ELISPOT assays in diagnosing nontuberculous mycobacteria lymphadenitis in children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 38, 1113–1122 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03506-1

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