Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the impact of prompt intervention for patients whose blood culture results became positive during weekends, as this is not standard care in some countries. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. From June 2015, results of positive blood cultures became available during weekends. If infectious disease specialists identified cases of bacteremia on suboptimal antimicrobial coverage, they contacted the primary team for modification of antibiotic treatment. We reviewed patients whose blood culture results became positive during weekends, comparing the pre-intervention (September 2014 to May 2015) and post-intervention (June 2015 to February 2016) periods. In total, 1081 (post-intervention 568 [52.5%]) bacteremia episodes were included (median patient age [interquartile range, IQR]: 72 [60–82] years; men: 625 [57.8%]). During the post-intervention period, 187 (32.9%) bacteremia episodes were detected during weekends. Infectious disease specialists evaluated the positive blood culture results 1, 2, and ≥3 days prior in 77 (13.6%), 88 (15.5%), and 22 (3.9%) cases, respectively. Although the 7- and 30-day mortality did not significantly improve after the intervention, the length of hospital stay (LOS) in the hospital-acquired bacteremia group was significantly reduced during the post-intervention period after controlling for confounders (post- vs. pre-intervention: median days [IQR]: 37 [19–63] vs. 46.5 [24.8–86.3], p = 0.030). Blood culture results became positive during weekends in one-third of bacteremia cases. The LOS was shortened after the intervention in the hospital-acquired bacteremia group. This could be an important antimicrobial stewardship target.
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The authors thank all the clinical staff of the Disease Control and Prevention Center and Clinical laboratory for their help in the completion of this study.
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This work was supported by Grants for International Health Research from the Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare of Japan (26S-120) and Grants-in Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine (26A201).
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The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of NCGM (NCGM-G-001131-02) prior to its initiation.
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The need for informed consent was waived by the Human Research Ethics Committee of NCGM due to the retrospective nature of the analysis using information contained in medical charts and records, which were anonymized.
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Tsuboi, M., Hayakawa, K., Mezaki, K. et al. Impact of prompt intervention in response to positive blood culture results during weekends by collaboration between infectious disease specialists and microbiology laboratory staff. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 36, 1889–1897 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3009-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3009-5