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Impact of systemic antifungal therapy on the detection of Candida species in blood cultures in clinical cases of candidemia

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Abstract

The diagnosis and follow-up of candidemia still rely on blood cultures (BCs). In vitro studies show that antifungals can significantly modify the result of blood culture not containing adsorbing agents. We aimed to evaluate, under clinical conditions, the impact on BC yeast detection of systemic antifungal therapy (SAT). Patients (n = 125) experiencing candidemia at Grenoble University Hospital (France) were included in a 4-year retrospective study. The Plus Aerobic/F (Aerobic) and Plus Anaerobic/F (Anaerobic) bottles, which both contain adsorbing resins and the non-resin selective Mycosis IC/F (Mycosis) bottles, were compared using multivariate hierarchical models adjusted for clinical characteristics. The positivity rate (PR) is decreased in patients with SAT (p < 0.01), abdominal surgery (p = 0.01), and hemodialysis (p = 0.02). In all bottles, SAT reduces PR by a factor of 0.16 (95 % CI: [0.08; 0.32]) and increases the time to positivity (TTP) by a factor of 1.76 ([1.30; 2.40]; p < 0.01). In the presence of SAT, TTP is higher in non-resin bottles (Mycosis) than in resin bottles (RR = 1.76, [1.30; 2.40]); however, the TTP in nonresin and resin bottles remains comparable. Although discordant results are observed with and without SAT (37 and 58 % respectively), we showed that the presence of SAT decreases significantly the agreement rate by a factor of 0.29 (CI: [0.12; 0.68]). The combination of Anaerobic and Mycosis bottles allowed a 100 % positivity rate for C. glabrata. SAT significantly affects BC results. Because they provide additional and complementary results, this study supports the concomitant use of resin and selective bottles, especially in patients receiving SAT.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Lucie Le Pennec for the collection of the clinical and pharmacological data and to Jean Iwaz (Hospices Civils de Lyon) for the revision of the final drafts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    S. Bailly, C. Garnaud, M. Cornet & D. Maubon

  2. U823, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France

    S. Bailly

  3. UMR 1137—IAME Team 5—DeSCID, Inserm/Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France

    S. Bailly & J.-F. Timsit

  4. Laboratoire TIMC—TheREx, UMR 5525 CNRS-UJF, Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d’Hères, France

    C. Garnaud, M. Cornet & D. Maubon

  5. Département des maladies infectieuses, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    P. Pavese

  6. Réanimation médicale, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    R. Hamidfar-Roy

  7. Pharmacie hospitalière, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    L. Foroni

  8. Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    S. Boisset

  9. Réanimation Médicale et des Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France

    J.-F. Timsit

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  1. S. Bailly
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Correspondence to D. Maubon.

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Conflicts of interest

During the past 5 years, CG received travel grants from Pfizer and MSD, MC has received money for lectures from Pfizer and travel expenses from Pfizer, Gilead, and MSD. JFT has given lectures for symposiums set up by Astellas, Pfizer, MSD, 3 M, Novartis, and Gilead; has benefited from unrestricted research grants to his research unit from 3 M, MSD, and Astellas; and has been a consultant involved in scientific boards for MSD, 3 M, and Bayer. SB, PP, RHR, LF, and DM have no conflicts of interest.

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As this was a retrospective study based on anonymized data, there was no need for ethical approval or informed consent.

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Bailly, S., Garnaud, C., Cornet, M. et al. Impact of systemic antifungal therapy on the detection of Candida species in blood cultures in clinical cases of candidemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 35, 1023–1032 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-016-2633-9

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